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International Journal of Physics

The Wave Properties of Matter: The Physical Aspect

Liudmila Borisovna Boldyreva

Published Oct 26, 2014• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The aim of the paper is to show that there is a physical process which could underlie the wave properties of matter. A comparison has been drawn between the properties of a pair of electrically unlike virtual particles created by a quantum entity in the physical vacuum and the characteristics of the quantum entity wave function. Analogies were revealed between the spin precession frequency of pair of virtual particles and the wave function frequency, between the size of the electric dipole produced by a pair of virtual particles and the wave function wavelength, and also between the angle of spin precession of pair of virtual particles and the wave function phase. It is shown that quantum correlations of quantum entities may be caused by spin correlations (by spin supercurrents) between virtual particles created by the quantum entities in the physical vacuum. It is shown that the wave properties of a quantum entity are due to precession of spin of pair of virtual particles created by the quantum entity in the physical vacuum.

DOI
10.12691/ijp-2-6-2

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The aim of the paper is to show that there is a physical process which could underlie the wave properties of matter. A comparison has been drawn between the properties of a pair of electrically unlike virtual particles created by a quantum entity in the physical vacuum and the characteristics of the quantum entity wave function. Analogies were revealed between the spin precession frequency of pair of virtual particles and the wave function frequency, between the size of the electric dipole produced by a pair of virtual particles and the wave function wavelength, and also between the angle of spin precession of pair of virtual particles and the wave function phase. It is shown that quantum correlations of quantum entities may be caused by spin correlations (by spin supercurrents) between virtual particles created by the quantum entities in the physical vacuum. It is shown that the wave properties of a quantum entity are due to precession of spin of pair of virtual particles created by the quantum entity in the physical vacuum.
The aim of this work is to show that the wave properties of quantum objects are determined by the wave properties of virtual photons created by these objects: in particular, the frequency of the wave function of quantum object equals the frequency of precession of spin of virtual photon created by the quantum object. The quantum objects called as “entangled” are objects having equal and co-oriented frequencies of precession of spin of virtual photons created by these quantum objects. The quantum correlations between quantum objects are accomplished by spin supercurrent transferring angular momentum (angles of precession and angles of deflection) between precessing spins of virtual photons created by the objects.The creation of interference pattern by quantum objects passing through a crystal lattice can be a result of existence of two properties of virtual photons: first, the existence of electric and spin components that might interact with the crystal lattice; secondly, these components perform periodic oscillation and the time between two such interactions is a multiple of the oscillation period.
The paper concerns some optical phenomena where quantum correlations take place: two-photon and three-photon interference, the photon antibunching, squeezed vacuum. The main properties of quantum correlations are: they do not depend on the distance, do not consume energy, take place for quantum entities both with zero and with nonzero rest mass, take place in the physical vacuum, that is, it is not necessary for the quantum entities to be detected simultaneously. A physical process is discussed which is responsible for quantum correlations in such macrosystem as superfluid 3 He – B . An analogy is shown between the properties of spin supercurrents in superfluid 3 He – B and the above properties of quantum correlations for quantum entities. The important feature of spin supercurrents is that they are not accompanied by any mass transfer.
The aim of the work is to show that the study of following properties of electrons in atoms: stability of motion, the Pauli exclusion principle; the effect of electrons state (singlet or triplet) in hydrogen atoms on creating from them of the hydrogen molecule, - can be carried out based on concepts of classical mechanics (forces, moments). The contemporary investigation of topic “The Properties of Electrons in Atoms” is based on concepts of quantum mechanics, in particular on notions of electron wave function having probabilistic character. However, it is very difficult to perform the exact description of deterministic processes from the standpoint of probability theory. It has been proven in this work that description of properties of electrons in atom may be performed with using the concept of virtual photons created by the considered electrons. The concept of virtual photons was developed by Nobel Prize winner R. Feynman in 1949; one of the main properties of virtual photons is their ability to interact with each other by electric dipole interaction. The virtual photon is a unique object: except deterministic characteristic-(electric dipole moment) it has one of the attributes of wave function of the quantum object that created the virtual photon: the size of virtual photon equals the wavelength of this quantum object wave function. This is the reason why the description of properties of electrons in atom based on the concept of virtual photon created by atomic electrons is in accordance with some conclusions of quantum mechanical description of those properties.
It is shown that such phenomena as quantum correlations (interaction of space-separated quantum entities), the action of magnetic vector potential on quantum entities in the absence of magnetic field, and near-field antenna effect (the existence of superluminally propagating electromagnetic fields) may be explained by action of spin supercurrents. In case of quantum correlations between quantum entities, spin supercurrent emerges between virtual particles pairs (virtual photons) created by those quantum entities. The explanation of magnetic vector potential and near-field antenna effect is based on contemporary principle of quantum mechanics: the physical vacuum is not an empty space but the ground state of the field consisting of quantum harmonic oscillators (QHOs) characterized by zero-point energy. Using the properties of the oscillators and spin supercurrent, it is proved that magnetic vector potential is proportional to the moment causing the orientation of spin of QHO along the direction of magnetic field. The near-field antenna effect is supposed to take place as a result of action of spin supercurrent causing secondary electromagnetic oscillations. In this way, the electromagnetic field may spread at the speed of spin supercurrent. As spin supercurrent is an inertia free process, its speed may be greater than that of light, which does not contradict postulates of special relativity that sets limits to the speed of inertial systems only.
The quantum coherence as a phase property of the most fundamental quantum mechanical entity, the wave function, is explained for the first time. Phase-sensitive nonadiabatic dressed states, arising from the interaction of a quantum system and a coherent external electromagnetic field, are used in these considerations. Two types of phase correlations in the multilevel phase-sensitive nonadiabatic dressed states are found: a rapidly changing phase correlation between the real and the virtual components and a stationary phase correlation between different virtual components of these states.
Abstract Properties of de Broglie waves and their differences from any other waves, for example, electromagnetic, are discussed. Their little-known properties are given: 1) the propagation velocity is greater than the speed of light V > c ; 2) dispersion even in vacuum (waves of different frequencies propagate at different speeds, which results in the spreading of any wave packets associated with the particles); 3) the connection of the de Broglie wave with another physical wave moving with a speed v less than the speed of light, but so always v · V = c 2, and for the photons v = V = c. According to later views of de Broglie, this second wave is not the group wave. Possible mechanisms of generating the de Broglie waves based on spherical and cylindrical hollow quantum resonators, which can be specially created in matter using specific nanostructures are considered. Perhaps their nature itself realizes them for any micro-objects, regardless of their electrical, magnetic and gravitational properties. That is, this phenomenon is universal. Applications and realizations of this idea are discussed in the part II of our article.