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International Kharkiv Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves

Irradiation of HTS Josephson junctions with the surface wave resonator

Gennadiy A. Melkov, Alexander M. Klushin, O. D. Poustylnik, Oleksandr V. Prokopenko, V.M. Raksha

Published Nov 8, 2004• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The new type of surface wave resonator (SWR) consists of HTS film on a dielectric substrate is developed. A possibility of optimal coupling between the electromagnetic field of the SWR and the HTS Josephson junction array is shown; The topologies for embedding the bicrystal HTS Josephson junctions in the SWR are developed. These topology ensure the junction synchronization, that can be used for creation voltage standards, microwave detectors and Josephson generators and so on; The microwave properties of the SWR with HTS Josephson junction arrays (up to 450 junctions) and nonlinear elements based on Shottky-barrier diodes have been investigated. For the array with 450 HTS Josephson junctions the voltage sequence with 10 mV step has been obtained, sensitivity of the detector based on this array is 0.1 A/W with dynamic range 10/sup 2/ dB; The Josephson generation with microwave power at several nW for the SWR with bicrystal HTS JJs is detected. There were two groups of junctions. These groups are formed at the time of fabrication due to imperfection of HTS junction fabrication technology.

DOI
10.1109/msmw.2004.1345801

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The new type of surface wave resonator (SWR) consists of HTS film on a dielectric substrate is developed. A possibility of optimal coupling between the electromagnetic field of the SWR and the HTS Josephson junction array is shown; The topologies for embedding the bicrystal HTS Josephson junctions in the SWR are developed. These topology ensure the junction synchronization, that can be used for creation voltage standards, microwave detectors and Josephson generators and so on; The microwave properties of the SWR with HTS Josephson junction arrays (up to 450 junctions) and nonlinear elements based on Shottky-barrier diodes have been investigated. For the array with 450 HTS Josephson junctions the voltage sequence with 10 mV step has been obtained, sensitivity of the detector based on this array is 0.1 A/W with dynamic range 10/sup 2/ dB; The Josephson generation with microwave power at several nW for the SWR with bicrystal HTS JJs is detected. There were two groups of junctions. These groups are formed at the time of fabrication due to imperfection of HTS junction fabrication technology.
Josephson junction (JJ) arrays can be used as a basis for the creation of different microminiature devices, such as tunable Josephson generators, primary voltage standards, detectors of radiation, etc. However the using of JJ arrays entails a problem of its synchronous operation. One of the solutions of this problem is using the surface wave resonators (SWR). The aim of our work is the detection of Josephson generation of an array of synchronized high-temperature superconductor (HTS) JJ embedded in the SWR.
The possibilities and physical mechanisms of detection of microwave X- and Ka-band radiation by high-temperature superconducting (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7-0.05 (YBCO) bicrystalline Josephson junctions (JJ) embedded in a surface wave resonator (SWR) are considered. Microwave detection was investigated experimentally by using a linear Josephson junction array (JJA) embedded in the SWR. Measurements were carried out starting from the critical temperature of HTS film (T = 92 K), down to the liquid nitrogen level (T = 77 K) and beyond (down to 20 K) using the Gifford-McMahon closed-cycle cryo-cooler. The sensitivity of such type of detectors was determined to be approximately 104 V/W. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The microwave surface wave resonator (SWR) made of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is proposed as the base element of tunable cryocooled nanooscillators (NO) based on Josephson effect. The SWR with Josephson junction array (JJA) allows the parallel microwave and series do biasing for every junction in the array. By applying the external do current and external microwave power to the JJA we achieved the synchronous microwave radiation from the array with power near 14 nW (for NO with 10 Josephson junction). The frequency of the microwave radiation depend on do current and resonant frequency of the SWR; the radiation power depend on SWR Q-factor. This NO can be tuned by changing the resonant frequency of the SWR.
The application of high temperature superconductor Josephson junctions to voltage metrology is promising for many reasons, beyond the evident advantage of simplified cryogenics and reduced costs of the apparatus. Owing to their intrinsic non-hysteretic behavior, arrays of shunted bicrystal YBCO junctions are particularly interesting for the realization of an AC voltage standard with quantum accuracy. Moreover, shunted bicrystal YBCO junctions arrays are advantageous because of the reduced area of the junctions, the wide range of characteristic voltages, and large critical currents. However, some specific problems arise, like possible effects related to the higher operating temperature. Furthermore, fabrication technology sets tight constraints on the design of structures for the distribution of microwave currents along the array junctions. We investigated the step properties under millimeter wave irradiation at frequencies about 75 GHz of HTS junction and arrays prepared on bicrystal substrates having grain boundaries. High sensitivity techniques were adopted to evaluate the step flatness at nV level and assess the accuracy of the step voltage. A new method that makes use of an open resonator, was implemented to irradiate the array, providing synchronization of a large number of junctions.
We proposed a novel approach to self-radiation of Josephson junction arrays. Bicrystal Josephson junction arrays fabricated on a bicrystal substrate were integrated with a half-wavelength dipole array and embedded in a Fabry–Perot resonator. Considered as a dielectric resonator, the substrate could be stimulated to resonate in an appropriate mode at the same frequency as the Fabry–Perot resonator, which realized a coupling between Josephson junctions as well as a coupling between the junctions and microwave structures by means of a resonant interaction between junctions and resonators. Both simulations and experiments were performed. A YBCO bicrystal Josephson junction array with 166 junctions was measured at liquid nitrogen temperature. The maximal self-radiation power of 10 pW was detected at 75.2 GHz, which was in agreement with the simulation results.
This paper describes an array of superconducting planar Josephson junctions (JJs) for terahertz emission. The JJs with bowtie antennae are fabricated with superconducting thin film deposited on the bicrystal dielectric substrate and connected in series by superconducting striplines. The dielectric substrate is regarded as a dielectric resonator to improve the electromagnetic coupling between the JJs for coherent terahertz emission. With the CST electromagnetic software, the S parameters, E-field distribution and farfield pattern of the JJ array are studied by adjusting the width of the bowtie antennae. The results show that standing waves are formed in the dielectric substrate around 420 GHz, which could contribute to the coherent terahertz emission of the superconducting oscillators.