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Physica status solidi. C, Conferences and critical reviews/Physica status solidi. C, Current topics in solid state physics

Microwave detection using Josephson junction arrays integrated in a resonator

O.M. Ivanyuta, Oleksandr V. Prokopenko, V.M. Raksha, Alexander M. Klushin

Published Mar 1, 2005• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The possibilities and physical mechanisms of detection of microwave X- and Ka-band radiation by high-temperature superconducting (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7-0.05 (YBCO) bicrystalline Josephson junctions (JJ) embedded in a surface wave resonator (SWR) are considered. Microwave detection was investigated experimentally by using a linear Josephson junction array (JJA) embedded in the SWR. Measurements were carried out starting from the critical temperature of HTS film (T = 92 K), down to the liquid nitrogen level (T = 77 K) and beyond (down to 20 K) using the Gifford-McMahon closed-cycle cryo-cooler. The sensitivity of such type of detectors was determined to be approximately 104 V/W. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

DOI
10.1002/pssc.200460812

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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity•Jun 1, 1999•1 citation
The possibilities and physical mechanisms of detection of microwave X- and Ka-band radiation by high-temperature superconducting (HTS) YBa2Cu3O7-0.05 (YBCO) bicrystalline Josephson junctions (JJ) embedded in a surface wave resonator (SWR) are considered. Microwave detection was investigated experimentally by using a linear Josephson junction array (JJA) embedded in the SWR. Measurements were carried out starting from the critical temperature of HTS film (T = 92 K), down to the liquid nitrogen level (T = 77 K) and beyond (down to 20 K) using the Gifford-McMahon closed-cycle cryo-cooler. The sensitivity of such type of detectors was determined to be approximately 104 V/W. (© 2005 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The new type of surface wave resonator (SWR) consists of HTS film on a dielectric substrate is developed. A possibility of optimal coupling between the electromagnetic field of the SWR and the HTS Josephson junction array is shown; The topologies for embedding the bicrystal HTS Josephson junctions in the SWR are developed. These topology ensure the junction synchronization, that can be used for creation voltage standards, microwave detectors and Josephson generators and so on; The microwave properties of the SWR with HTS Josephson junction arrays (up to 450 junctions) and nonlinear elements based on Shottky-barrier diodes have been investigated. For the array with 450 HTS Josephson junctions the voltage sequence with 10 mV step has been obtained, sensitivity of the detector based on this array is 0.1 A/W with dynamic range 10/sup 2/ dB; The Josephson generation with microwave power at several nW for the SWR with bicrystal HTS JJs is detected. There were two groups of junctions. These groups are formed at the time of fabrication due to imperfection of HTS junction fabrication technology.
Josephson junction (JJ) arrays can be used as a basis for the creation of different microminiature devices, such as tunable Josephson generators, primary voltage standards, detectors of radiation, etc. However the using of JJ arrays entails a problem of its synchronous operation. One of the solutions of this problem is using the surface wave resonators (SWR). The aim of our work is the detection of Josephson generation of an array of synchronized high-temperature superconductor (HTS) JJ embedded in the SWR.
We proposed a novel approach to self-radiation of Josephson junction arrays. Bicrystal Josephson junction arrays fabricated on a bicrystal substrate were integrated with a half-wavelength dipole array and embedded in a Fabry–Perot resonator. Considered as a dielectric resonator, the substrate could be stimulated to resonate in an appropriate mode at the same frequency as the Fabry–Perot resonator, which realized a coupling between Josephson junctions as well as a coupling between the junctions and microwave structures by means of a resonant interaction between junctions and resonators. Both simulations and experiments were performed. A YBCO bicrystal Josephson junction array with 166 junctions was measured at liquid nitrogen temperature. The maximal self-radiation power of 10 pW was detected at 75.2 GHz, which was in agreement with the simulation results.
Sensitivity of high temperature superconducting (HTS) Josephson detectors at millimetre-wave band has been studied in detail. YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions with the normal-state resistance ( R N ) around 1 Ω and I C R N product of less than 2 mV have been fabricated for this study, where I C is the critical current of the junction. A Gunn oscillator at the frequency of 98 GHz together with a set of calibrated attenuators with a total attenuation of 90 dB are used as a signal source. A quasi-optical system, which consists of a wideband planar log-periodic antenna encompassing the junction, parabolic mirrors and a hyperhemispherical silicon lens, has been used as an effective coupling system. Sensitivity increases with I C R N . Using a junction with I C R N of 300 µV, a sensitivity of about 9000 V W −1 has been obtained, which is higher than that of the Schottky diode detectors at the same frequency band and demonstrates that the HTS Josephson detectors are very sensitive at millimetre-wave band.
The microwave surface wave resonator (SWR) made of high-temperature superconductor (HTS) is proposed as the base element of tunable cryocooled nanooscillators (NO) based on Josephson effect. The SWR with Josephson junction array (JJA) allows the parallel microwave and series do biasing for every junction in the array. By applying the external do current and external microwave power to the JJA we achieved the synchronous microwave radiation from the array with power near 14 nW (for NO with 10 Josephson junction). The frequency of the microwave radiation depend on do current and resonant frequency of the SWR; the radiation power depend on SWR Q-factor. This NO can be tuned by changing the resonant frequency of the SWR.
We have investigated the mutual phase interaction between a single detector junction and a phase-locked three-junction array of high-T/sub c/ Josephson junctions. The YBCO Josephson junctions were fabricated on a MgO bicrystal substrate. In the array junction structure, the dc bias current was fed to the junction array having parallel geometry with each pair of junctions shunted by a superconducting coplanar microstrip superconducting loop. The configuration of bias leads was a series connection of interlocking dc SQUIDs geometry which enables all junctions to oscillate at the same frequency. We measured the radiation power of a Josephson-junction array using an off-chip coupled to a radiometer and on-chip coupled to a single junction from centimeter- to millimeter-wave ranges. Clear self-induced Shapiro steps were observed in the current-voltage curves of the detector junction. The power transfered to the single detector junction was estimated from the modulation of Shapiro step height. The maximum detected power level was about 7 nW at frequency 150-250 GHz. The Josephson oscillation power excited the resonant mode coupled to the coplanar microstrip loops.