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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Efficient two-process frequency conversion through a dark intermediate state

Gil Porat, Ady Arie

Published Sep 21, 2012• 48 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g., mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.002901

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Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g., mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.
Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction, while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g. mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.
The high-efficiency three-process frequency conversion is analyzed. By analysis of coupling equations, the optical straddling stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (S-STIRAP) scheme is proposed. Numerical simulation shows that the input power of the first frequency is monotonically converted into the output power of the last frequency, with the intermediate frequencies kept extremely low along the interacting length. We expect that this frequency conversion scheme has application in the frequency conversion between highly disparate frequencies, e.g., mid-IR to visible.
Two frequency-cascaded and spatially simultaneous three-wave-mixing processes, each pumped by a different frequency, are studied in a quasi-phase-matching crystal with chirped poling. Theory, numerical simulation, and experiment all show that efficient two-process adiabatic frequency conversion takes place over a broad range of input wavelengths. Experimentally, up to five process cascades are obtained. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that reversing the chirp sign results in a different conversion for the same input wavelength. This method can be applied to generation of an all-optically tunable frequency comb.
In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid planar-channel waveguide configuration in which the channel waveguide is submerged within the planar region, with an aim to study two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. In our study, an input frequency is converted to an output frequency lying very close to or very far from the input frequency via an intermediate frequency. This frequency is in the form of a continuum of modes in the planar region, while all other frequencies propagate as guided modes of the channel waveguide. The continuum of modes at the intermediate frequency allows the simultaneous phase matching to be satisfied over a wide range of wavelengths. As a consequence, this leads to a wideband and efficient conversion from the input to the output frequency without any significant power accumulation at the intermediate stage, which is ensured through the counterintuitive and adiabatic variation in the nonlinear coupling strengths.
We demonstrate that the frequency conversion in the cascaded processes can be mapped uniquely to an associated three-wave mixing processes in adiabatic evolution. After solving the coupling wave equations of three-wave mixing processes, we immediately find the solutions of the corresponding cascaded coupled equations. Furthermore, we introduce a rather simple model, which displays the main features of the optical stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) but allows for analytic evaluation of all quantities. It performs two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes efficiently and without significant generation of an intermediate frequency. At last, we consider in detail the effects of the phase mismatch to the optical STIRAP efficiency, which show that the analytic bounds are seen to describe the transfer region very accurately.