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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Wideband two-process frequency conversion under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage via a continuum of dark intermediate states

Pragati Aashna, Krishnan Thyagarajan

Published Sep 16, 2020• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid planar-channel waveguide configuration in which the channel waveguide is submerged within the planar region, with an aim to study two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. In our study, an input frequency is converted to an output frequency lying very close to or very far from the input frequency via an intermediate frequency. This frequency is in the form of a continuum of modes in the planar region, while all other frequencies propagate as guided modes of the channel waveguide. The continuum of modes at the intermediate frequency allows the simultaneous phase matching to be satisfied over a wide range of wavelengths. As a consequence, this leads to a wideband and efficient conversion from the input to the output frequency without any significant power accumulation at the intermediate stage, which is ensured through the counterintuitive and adiabatic variation in the nonlinear coupling strengths.

DOI
10.1364/josab.401416

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In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid planar-channel waveguide configuration in which the channel waveguide is submerged within the planar region, with an aim to study two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes under stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. In our study, an input frequency is converted to an output frequency lying very close to or very far from the input frequency via an intermediate frequency. This frequency is in the form of a continuum of modes in the planar region, while all other frequencies propagate as guided modes of the channel waveguide. The continuum of modes at the intermediate frequency allows the simultaneous phase matching to be satisfied over a wide range of wavelengths. As a consequence, this leads to a wideband and efficient conversion from the input to the output frequency without any significant power accumulation at the intermediate stage, which is ensured through the counterintuitive and adiabatic variation in the nonlinear coupling strengths.
Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g., mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.
We demonstrate that the frequency conversion in the cascaded processes can be mapped uniquely to an associated three-wave mixing processes in adiabatic evolution. After solving the coupling wave equations of three-wave mixing processes, we immediately find the solutions of the corresponding cascaded coupled equations. Furthermore, we introduce a rather simple model, which displays the main features of the optical stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) but allows for analytic evaluation of all quantities. It performs two simultaneous three-wave mixing processes efficiently and without significant generation of an intermediate frequency. At last, we consider in detail the effects of the phase mismatch to the optical STIRAP efficiency, which show that the analytic bounds are seen to describe the transfer region very accurately.
A comprehensive study of two simultaneous three wave mixing processes, a second harmonic generation followed by difference frequency generation, under nonlinear stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is presented. An input pump is up-converted to its second harmonic, which then gets down-converted to a signal and idler pair with frequencies lying very close to the input pump in such a manner that complete conversion from the pump to the signal and idler takes place without exciting the second harmonic under counterintuitive adiabatic passage. This process involves nonlinear STIRAP with a nonlinear dark state similar to atomic population transfers, and we bring an analogy from atomic systems to our nonlinear dynamics to linearize the problem and analytically obtain the adiabaticity condition required for complete conversion. We also show that the nonlinear STIRAP mechanism results in a large bandwidth of about 380 nm with almost complete conversion of the pump to the signal and idler.
Two simultaneous three wave mixing processes are analyzed, where an input frequency is converted to an output frequency via an intermediate stage. By employing simultaneous phase-matching and an adiabatic modulation of the nonlinear coupling strengths, the intermediate frequency is kept dark throughout the interaction, while obtaining high conversion efficiency. This feat is accomplished in a manner analogous to population transfer in atomic stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP). Applications include conversion between remote frequencies, e.g. mid-IR to visible, and study of electronic crystal properties in the UV absorption band.
The high-efficiency three-process frequency conversion is analyzed. By analysis of coupling equations, the optical straddling stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (S-STIRAP) scheme is proposed. Numerical simulation shows that the input power of the first frequency is monotonically converted into the output power of the last frequency, with the intermediate frequencies kept extremely low along the interacting length. We expect that this frequency conversion scheme has application in the frequency conversion between highly disparate frequencies, e.g., mid-IR to visible.
In the field of nonlinear frequency conversion, the cascaded frequency conversion scheme is an effective means to obtain new wavelengths. In this paper, we demonstrate efficient frequency conversion through three cascaded three-wave mixing processes based on Stark-chirped rapid adiabatic passage, which are different from previous cascaded wavelength conversion processes based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. Further, by analyzing the relevant parameters in the three-process cascaded frequency conversion models we have established, we find that the new scheme increases the conversion range and has lower restrictions on the conversion conditions while maintaining extremely low intermediate frequency intensity. These advantages allow our work to be applied to the acquisition of a mid-infrared or visible laser.