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IEEE Photonics Technology Letters

Low-power all-optical gate based on sum frequency mixing in APE waveguides in PPLN

Krishnan R. Parameswaran, M. Fujimura, Ming-Han Chou, M. M. Fejer

Published Jun 1, 2000• 55 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an all-optical gate implemented in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) (LiNbO3). Efficient mixing is achieved by using a phase-matched guided-wave interaction. A control wave at 1.537 μm is used to gate a signal at 1.552 μm, where a control power of 185 mW is sufficient to achieve 96% depletion of a low-power signal. A simple switch configuration is described whereby high-contrast low-power all-optical switching can be performed.

DOI
10.1109/68.849074

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We present an all-optical gate implemented in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) (LiNbO3). Efficient mixing is achieved by using a phase-matched guided-wave interaction. A control wave at 1.537 μm is used to gate a signal at 1.552 μm, where a control power of 185 mW is sufficient to achieve 96% depletion of a low-power signal. A simple switch configuration is described whereby high-contrast low-power all-optical switching can be performed.
The principle of all-optical wavelength conversion based on the cascaded sum and difference frequency generation (SFG+DFG) in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides is introduced. The conversion efficiency of the wavelength converter is calculated. The influences of the powers and span of two pumps on the conversion efficiency are analyzed. Bandwidth of one pump wavelength is discussed. The tuning is about 0.5 nm. The signal pulse width is compressed about 0.68 times.
Optical signal processing devices based on quasi-phase-matched three-wave mixing and cascaded three-wave mixing in guided-wave geometries have been demonstrated to operate efficiently at practical pump-power levels. We describe operation of such devices in a balanced mode that allows mixing without wavelength offset and separation of mixed output from pump and signal input without wavelength-selective filters. We present a design for an optical-frequency balanced mixer using quasi-phase-matched, cascaded second-order nonlinear processes. Using this design, we fabricated a balanced mixer in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides that has the expected linear and nonlinear optical performance.
We demonstrate an invertible all-optical gate on chip, with the roles of control and signal switchable by slightly adjusting their relative arrival time at the gate. It is based on the quantum Zeno blockade (QZB) driven by sum-frequency generation (SFG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate microring resonator. For two nearly identical nanosecond pulses, the later arriving pulse is modulated by the earlier arriving one, resulting in 2.4 and 3.9 power extinction between the two, respectively, when their peak powers are 1 mW and 2 mW, respectively. Our results, while to be improved and enriched, herald a new, to the best of our knowledge, paradigm of logical gates and circuits for exotic applications.
We propose AND, NOR, and XNOR logic gates realized simultaneously for 40-Gb/s networks, in which the realization of NOR and XNOR logic gates using only MgO-doped periodically poled lithium niobate (MgO: PPLN) is reported.In our configuration, we exploit broadband quasi-phase matching (QPM) cascaded second harmonic and difference-frequency generation (cSHG/DFG), cascaded sum-frequency and differencefrequency generation (cSFG/DFG) in one MgO:PPLN, and the narrow band QPM sum-frequency generation (SFG) in another MgO:PPLN.The performance, including the quality-factor (Q-factor) and extinction ratio (ER), of the proposed multifunctional logic device is also simulated.