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Optics Letters

Spatial ultrafast switching and frequency conversion in lithium niobate waveguide arrays

Thomas Pertsch, Robert Iwanow, Roland Schiek, G. I. Stegeman, Ulf Peschel, F. Lederer, Y. H. Min, W. Sohler

Published Jan 15, 2005• 25 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate phase-insensitive, ultrafast, all-optical spatial switching and frequency conversion in quadratically nonlinear waveguide arrays in periodically poled lithium niobate. Routing of milliwatt signals with wavelengths in the communication band (1550 nm) is achieved without pulse distortions by parametric interaction with a control beam with 10-W power and wavelengths near 775 nm.

DOI
10.1364/ol.30.000177

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We demonstrate phase-insensitive, ultrafast, all-optical spatial switching and frequency conversion in quadratically nonlinear waveguide arrays in periodically poled lithium niobate. Routing of milliwatt signals with wavelengths in the communication band (1550 nm) is achieved without pulse distortions by parametric interaction with a control beam with 10-W power and wavelengths near 775 nm.
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We propose and experimentally demonstrate phase-regenerative wavelength conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides, using either: a single-stage implementation based on a simultaneous combination of two cascaded second-order nonlinear effects in a single periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, or a two-stage implementation where two separate devices are used in sequence to give rise to the same nonlinear effects. The phase regeneration properties of the proposed wavelength conversion schemes are also investigated.
Frequency conversion of single photons is an important technology for quantum interface and quantum communication networks. Here, single-photon frequency conversion in the telecommunication band is experimentally demonstrated via cascaded quadratic nonlinear processes. Using cascaded quasi-phase-matched sum and difference frequency generation in a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, the signal photon of a photon pair from spontaneous down-conversion is precisely shifted to identically match its counterpart, i.e., the idler photon, in frequency to manifest a clear nonclassical dip in the Hong-Ou-Mandel interference. Moreover, quantum entanglement between the photon pair is maintained after the frequency conversion, as is proved in time-energy entanglement measurement. The scheme is used to switch single photons between dense wavelength-division multiplexing channels, which holds great promise in applications in realistic quantum networks.