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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Spectral narrowing of the hyperfine signals by recurrent excitation in the excited state of Rb atoms

Kazunori Nakayama, Masatoshi Misono, T. Kohmoto, Yukio Fukuda, Masakazu Kunitomo

Published May 12, 2000• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Summary form only given. To understand the fundamental properties of an atom, precise measurement of the atomic resonance frequency is important. The main factor that restricts the precision is the spectral broadening. Spectral narrowing by recurrent use of free decay signal in magnetic resonance was proposed and demonstrated in the ground state of Rb atoms. In the present report we apply this technique to the measurement of the hyperfine frequency in the excited state. This is a sublevel spectroscopy with recurrent excitation, where the atomic response is iteratively used as the next excitation. The hyperfine spectra of the excited state /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ of the D/sub 2/ transition in Rb atoms, whose line width is much narrower than the natural line width, was observed and the hyperfine constants of the excited state were determined precisely.

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Summary form only given. Spectral narrowing by recurrent use of free-decay signal in magnetic resonance has been proposed and demonstrated in the ground state of Rb atoms. In the present report we apply this technique to the measurement of the hyperfine frequency in the excited state. This is a sublevel spectroscopy with recurrent excitation where the atomic response is iteratively used as the next excitation. The hyperfine spectra of the excited state /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ of the D/sub 2/ transition in /sup 85/Rb atoms, the line widths of which are much narrower than the natural width, were observed and the hyperfine constants of the excited state were determined precisely.

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Broadening and Shift of the D1 and D2 Lines of Rb Atoms by Neon: Resolving Hyperfine Components in a Half-Wave Cell Using Double Differentiation with Respect to Frequency

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Abstract A cell with a submicron thickness was used to measure the broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb atoms by neon. The resolution of hypefine components is achieved by a combination of two techniques. First, the Rb vapor column thickness in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation was chosen equal to half of its wavelength λ under conditions of resonance with the atomic transition frequency. For rubidium atoms λ/2 ~ 400 nm. At a nanocell thickness L ~ λ/2, in the transmission spectrum A(ν), the spectral lines of atomic transitions are narrowed due to the exclusion of Doppler broadening. Second, further narrowing of the detected signals was achieved by the double differentiation of the transmission spectrum, A''(ν). The transmission spectra of pure rubidium vapor and rubidium vapor with the addition of neon have been measured at different pressures. The measured values of the shift coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines of rubidium in the presence of Ne were –1.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr and –2.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr, respectively. The broadening coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines coincide and are equal to 10 ± 1 MHz/Torr. Due to its high spectral resolution, this technique allows separate measurements for each individual transition.

Optics and Spectroscopy•Nov 1, 2021•6 citations
Summary form only given. To understand the fundamental properties of an atom, precise measurement of the atomic resonance frequency is important. The main factor that restricts the precision is the spectral broadening. Spectral narrowing by recurrent use of free decay signal in magnetic resonance was proposed and demonstrated in the ground state of Rb atoms. In the present report we apply this technique to the measurement of the hyperfine frequency in the excited state. This is a sublevel spectroscopy with recurrent excitation, where the atomic response is iteratively used as the next excitation. The hyperfine spectra of the excited state /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ of the D/sub 2/ transition in Rb atoms, whose line width is much narrower than the natural line width, was observed and the hyperfine constants of the excited state were determined precisely.
Summary form only given. Spectral narrowing by recurrent use of free-decay signal in magnetic resonance has been proposed and demonstrated in the ground state of Rb atoms. In the present report we apply this technique to the measurement of the hyperfine frequency in the excited state. This is a sublevel spectroscopy with recurrent excitation where the atomic response is iteratively used as the next excitation. The hyperfine spectra of the excited state /sup 2/P/sub 3/2/ of the D/sub 2/ transition in /sup 85/Rb atoms, the line widths of which are much narrower than the natural width, were observed and the hyperfine constants of the excited state were determined precisely.
We describe the theoretical analysis and experimental detail of recurrent excitation spectroscopy (RES), which contributes to precise determination of atomic resonance frequency. The basic idea of RES lies in the iterative excitation of the atomic system by radiation. During the preceding excitation, the output field emitted from the atom is recorded in the form of digital data, and the next excitation field is generated in accordance with these data. This recurrent interaction between the atomic system and the radiation field significantly reduces the spectral width of the atomic resonance, while the signal-to-noise ratio remains sufficiently high. To reflect the actual experimental situation, we present a theoretical model in the presence of background white noise, and using this model, analytical and numerical calculations are performed. We find that RES gives a better signal-to-noise ratio compared to the conventional averaging technique until spectral narrowing is terminated. The combination of RES and the digital-data processing technique has been successfully applied to the magnetic resonance of Rb atoms in the sub-MHz region, where our theoretical findings are experimentally confirmed.
Subnatural-width resonances due to coherent effects in optical pumping at hyperfine (hf) transitions of Rb are investigated using a linearly or circularly polarized single-frequency diode laser beam. The sign and amplitude of the resonances in the fluorescence are measured by scanning the laser frequency over the hf transitions of the Rb D 1 and D 2 lines. The fluorescence perpendicular to the laser beam is detected as a function of magnetic field parallel to the beam propagation and scanned around zero value. In the case of linear polarization of the field, dark resonances are observed for hf transitions with F g → F e = F g -1 and F g → F e = F g , and bright resonances are observed for transitions with F g → F e = F g + 1. This is in agreement with the recently developed theories. For all (except F g = 2→ F e = 3, 85 Rb, D 1 line) hf transitions the sign of the resonances reverses when the polarization of the field changes to circular. The amplitudes of the resonances correspond to the probability of the hf transitions and to the calculated loss rate of the population to the ground hf level not excited by the laser field. The observed narrow resonances (FWHM: few tens of kHz) and their sensitivity to weak magnetic fields are interesting for high-resolution spectroscopy and for development of simple and precise magnetometers.
The splitting of hyperfine sublevels of the 85 Rb atom in strong magnetic fields has been studied by means of the coherent population trapping technique. Narrow resonances with a high signal-to-noise ratio have been detected in a 30-μm-thick spectroscopic cell. The magnetic field in the direction transverse to the laser beams has been created by permanent magnets and has reached 1600 G. Owing to the exclusive narrowness of the cell, the field in it is almost uniform. The break of the coupling between the electronic and nuclear moments, as well as the transition to the Paschen-Back regime in magnetic fields above 600 G, has been observed. The derivatives of the frequency shifts of the observed resonances and their asymptotic values in strong magnetic fields have been determined in terms of the magnetic field strength. The experimental results have been interpreted within a theoretical model based on the known constants of the hyperfine structure of the Rb atom.
Abstract A cell with a submicron thickness was used to measure the broadening and shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb atoms by neon. The resolution of hypefine components is achieved by a combination of two techniques. First, the Rb vapor column thickness in the direction of propagation of the laser radiation was chosen equal to half of its wavelength λ under conditions of resonance with the atomic transition frequency. For rubidium atoms λ/2 ~ 400 nm. At a nanocell thickness L ~ λ/2, in the transmission spectrum A(ν), the spectral lines of atomic transitions are narrowed due to the exclusion of Doppler broadening. Second, further narrowing of the detected signals was achieved by the double differentiation of the transmission spectrum, A''(ν). The transmission spectra of pure rubidium vapor and rubidium vapor with the addition of neon have been measured at different pressures. The measured values of the shift coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines of rubidium in the presence of Ne were –1.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr and –2.1 ± 0.2 MHz/Torr, respectively. The broadening coefficients of the D1 and D2 lines coincide and are equal to 10 ± 1 MHz/Torr. Due to its high spectral resolution, this technique allows separate measurements for each individual transition.