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physica status solidi (b)

Impurity‐related dynamical optical switching in CdS

R. Schmolke, Eckehard Schöll, M. Nägele, J. Gutowski

Published Apr 1, 1995• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Nonlinear optical transmission in unintentionally or lightly doped CdS crystals is studied theoretically and experimentally near the band gap. A spatially homogeneous three‐level model is developed which explains the observed optical switching process and its dependence upon incident intensity, wavelength, lattice temperature, and surface reflectivity. It is shown that the switching is due to the dynamics of the generation‐recombination processes involving donors, acceptors, and the conduction band, and not due to transmissive optical bistability.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2221880228

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Acta Physica Sinica (Overseas Edition)•Nov 1, 1992•1 citation
Abstract Nonlinear optical transmission in unintentionally or lightly doped CdS crystals is studied theoretically and experimentally near the band gap. A spatially homogeneous three‐level model is developed which explains the observed optical switching process and its dependence upon incident intensity, wavelength, lattice temperature, and surface reflectivity. It is shown that the switching is due to the dynamics of the generation‐recombination processes involving donors, acceptors, and the conduction band, and not due to transmissive optical bistability.
Abstract Under high excitation conditions thick CdS samples show pronounced broad‐band nonlinear transmission in the bound exciton region and up to a wavelength of about 515 nm at cryo‐temperatures. This behavior is only explainable in a model based on impurity neutralization and bound exciton creation. The suitability of these nonlinearities to yield optical bistability will be shown. Bistable operation is investigated in dependence of crystal thickness, impurity concentration, excitation density, wavelength, and temperature. A strong correlation to acceptor‐bound exciton generation is obtained, and the explanation of this bistable operation fits well with that of the above mentioned transmission behavior.
Abstract Thermally induced dispersive and absorptive optical bistability of CdS is investigated in a temperature range of 20 K to RT. The influence of the geometry of the crystals, e. g., thickness, surface area size, and resonator structure, on the hysteresis feature and switching behavior is investigated. The quality of the thermal contact between the sample and the heat sink strongly influences switch‐back times. Further, starting temperature, light spot diameter, and pulse intensity are varied in order to find a set of optimization criteria for this kind of optical bistability. Experimental results are in good agreement with model calculations.
The switching dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability due to increasing absorption is investigated in thin CdS platelets, at room temperature. Fast and slow components can be observed during the switching process, they depend on the holding point intensity and on the switching pulse energy. It is shown that the transverse relaxation of the temperature in the sample influences this dynamics. The spectral shift of the band to band absorption edge, at the origin of the bistable behavior, is observed in a three beam experiment.
Abstract The transmission spectra of CdS platelets are studied at room temperature with a time‐resolved pump‐probe technique. These measurements are also performed during the switching between the two transmission levels of the bistable crystal induced by the pump pulse. In this case, the third beam from a cw argon laser holds the sample around the switching threshold. These spectral and temporally resolved experiments allow the analysis of the switching dynamics of such absorptive bistable devices.
We report the optical bistability in CdS x Se 1- x -doped glass channel waveguide with rise and fall times of about 24 and 30 ps, respectively, in bistable switching by means of fiber coupling input with a power of about 3 mW. The third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3) ) of CdS x Se 1- x -doped glass is estimated experimentally to be 1.8 × 10 -9 esu. The high speed switching and the value of χ (3) show that the optical bistability is caused by an optical nonlinearity which can be attributed to the band-filling effect.