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physica status solidi (b)

A Detailed Study Concerning the Main Aspects Influencing Thermally Induced Optical Bistability of CdS

Jörg Hollandt, J. Gutowski, I. Broser

Published May 1, 1990• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract Thermally induced dispersive and absorptive optical bistability of CdS is investigated in a temperature range of 20 K to RT. The influence of the geometry of the crystals, e. g., thickness, surface area size, and resonator structure, on the hysteresis feature and switching behavior is investigated. The quality of the thermal contact between the sample and the heat sink strongly influences switch‐back times. Further, starting temperature, light spot diameter, and pulse intensity are varied in order to find a set of optimization criteria for this kind of optical bistability. Experimental results are in good agreement with model calculations.

DOI
10.1002/pssb.2221590123

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Abstract Thermally induced dispersive and absorptive optical bistability of CdS is investigated in a temperature range of 20 K to RT. The influence of the geometry of the crystals, e. g., thickness, surface area size, and resonator structure, on the hysteresis feature and switching behavior is investigated. The quality of the thermal contact between the sample and the heat sink strongly influences switch‐back times. Further, starting temperature, light spot diameter, and pulse intensity are varied in order to find a set of optimization criteria for this kind of optical bistability. Experimental results are in good agreement with model calculations.
The switching dynamics of thermally induced optical bistability due to increasing absorption is investigated in thin CdS platelets, at room temperature. Fast and slow components can be observed during the switching process, they depend on the holding point intensity and on the switching pulse energy. It is shown that the transverse relaxation of the temperature in the sample influences this dynamics. The spectral shift of the band to band absorption edge, at the origin of the bistable behavior, is observed in a three beam experiment.
The authors investigate optical bistability in CdS, induced by photo-electronic non-linearities. Varying the photon energy and the temperature of the sample they find three different types of optical bistability. The switching times are always around 1 ns or below, notably 300 ps for dispersive optical bistability. Optical bistability by bleaching of absorption at room temperature shows a contrast ratio of about 50 between the two stable branches. The dependence on various parameters, including the microscopic foundations, is discussed experimentally as well as theoretically.
In this paper we present our investigations concerning thermally induced optical bistability (OB) in CdS and ZnSe. With CdS platelet type single crystals basic boolean functions are realized. The possibilities of cascadability and parallelity of the information processing and the switching dynamics of the system are examined. Further on the effect of optical noise upon the switching process and the instable branch of the hysteresis loop are measured. In ZnSe both absorptive and dispersive OB are observed. An efficient opto-electric modulator is built using the photothermal SEED-effect.
Optical bistability in the presence of an optically induced absorption is observed when a thin 13-μm CdS sample is inserted between two mirrors of 90 % reflectivity, in our experiment, a modulated cw laser of ~15-mW peak power is tuned on each side of the free exciton resonance in CdS, and the transmission characteristics are studied. A theoretical calculation including both absorptive and dispersive effects is presented and good agreement is obtained. The absorption coefficient and the index of refraction of the material are connected by Kramers-Kronig relations. Propagation effects are taken into account. Sufficiently long pulses (40 ms) are considered to allow the thermally induced absorption to occur. For detunings above the free exciton resonance, we predict that counterclockwise hysteresis loops will first be observed as the intensity rises; for detunings below the free exciton resonance, only clockwise hysteresis loops are predicted. These predictions were experimentally verified. Power levels of the order of 5–10 mW were sufficient to observe bistability. Cavity effects were also observed.
The switching dynamics of photothermal-induced absorption optical bistability is studied in CdS. The bistable element being held near its switching threshold is switched by a pulse of an excimer laser, which can be regarded as δ shaped in time with respect to the thermal relaxation time of the sample. The dynamics of the switching process is influenced by the transverse relaxation of the temperature in the sample. Under appropriate conditions either a slowing down or a fast switching is observed.