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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Self-pumped four-wave mixing using backward and forward Brillouin scattering

David E. Watkins, Kevin D. Ridley, A. M. Scott

Published Sep 1, 1989• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Investigations of self-pumped phase conjugation using Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing in TiCl4 at 1 μm are presented. We have (1) observed both forward and backward Brillouin scattering into the optical cavity used for self-pumped phase conjugation during a single pump laser pulse and enhanced the forward-scattered component relative to the backward-scattered component by changing the angle of incidence of the pump beam, (2) demonstrated up to 80% coupling of pump radiation into cavity radiation, (3) examined quenching of the radiation in the optical cavity and eliminated both multiple Stokes orders from Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering as possible mechanisms, (4) observed mode beating in the cavity intensity profile coincident with the quenching, and (5) studied ring-resonator geometries, demonstrating both forward and backward scattering, unidirectional oscillation, and bidirectional oscillation leading to a triple-shifted phase conjugate.

DOI
10.1364/josab.6.001693

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Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1989•0 citations
Investigations of self-pumped phase conjugation using Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing in TiCl4 at 1 μm are presented. We have (1) observed both forward and backward Brillouin scattering into the optical cavity used for self-pumped phase conjugation during a single pump laser pulse and enhanced the forward-scattered component relative to the backward-scattered component by changing the angle of incidence of the pump beam, (2) demonstrated up to 80% coupling of pump radiation into cavity radiation, (3) examined quenching of the radiation in the optical cavity and eliminated both multiple Stokes orders from Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering as possible mechanisms, (4) observed mode beating in the cavity intensity profile coincident with the quenching, and (5) studied ring-resonator geometries, demonstrating both forward and backward scattering, unidirectional oscillation, and bidirectional oscillation leading to a triple-shifted phase conjugate.
The results of an experimental investigation of a new geometry for producing phase conjugation by Brillouin-enhanced four-wave mixing are presented. In this geometry, the four-wave mixing medium is carbon disulfide, and the backward-going pump wave is created from the transmitted forward-going pump wave by stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) in glycerol. The two pump waves are hence phase conjugates of each other, and the quality of the phase-conjugation process is not degraded even by the use of an aberrated pump wave. The probe wave is created by SBS in carbon disulfide, which has a Brillouin frequency half that of glycerol, and the conjugate wave is therefore generated at the same frequency as the probe. Since the pump and signal waves differ in frequency by the Brillouin frequency of the carbon disulfide four-wave mixing medium, high reflectivities (approximately 2000%) are obtained as a result of Brillouin resonance enhancement.
We have used a two-wave mixing gain process in sodium vapor to construct a self-pumped phase conjugator. This was done by forming a resonator around a quartz sodium cell equipped with Brewster angle windows. A pump beam is then directed into the sodium cell at a small angle to the longitudinal axis of the resonator. At sufficiently high cw pump intensities, the ac-Stark effect pro- vides sufficient gain to achieve oscillation. Although this gain is unidirectional it occurs on the wings of the sodium resonance so that the backward traveling optical field in the resonator does not experience loss due to sodium absorption. The counterpropagating optical fields in the resonator interact with the pump in an internal four- wave mixing process to produce a fourth optical field (phase conjugate to the pump field). Our experiment was conducted at the sodium D2 resonance. The pump laser was a 699 autoscan single frequency ring dye laser providing pump intensities up to several hundred watts per square centimeter.
We report on a theoretical and modeling study of self-pumped four-wave mixing in a Brillouin medium. A theoretical analysis gives expressions for the threshold intensity and for the steady-state reflectivity at small input intensities. Operation over a range of input intensities is also investigated by using a computer model that predicts that, for high input intensities, the conjugate can become unstable and oscillate chaotically in time. Experimentally we observe phase conjugation with an input threshold 25 times less than that required for phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering.
As it is known, self-conjugation of the IR laser beam via Brillouin radiation stimulated scattering phenomenon is not realised because of some physical limits on radiation intensity which are the principal limitations, to the present time. That is why, one of the promising technique of phase conjugation of infrared radiation is a self-conjugation of a laser beam wavefront via four wave interaction in a nonlinear medium with feed-back loop (FWMF) [1]. Unlike conventional our wave mixing schemes, the FWMF self-conjugation is supposed to be realised without any additional beams pumping a phase conjugation mirror.
Four-wave mixing mediated by Brillouin scattering in the transient regime exhibits an instability which results in large phase conjugate reflectivities [A. M. Scott and K. D. Ridley, IEEE J Quantum Electron. QE-25, 438 (1989)]. In this paper we compare measurements of the threshold for the instability both as a function of the ratio of the second pump beam to the first pump beam and as a function of the phase mismatch. Phase conjugation in Brillouin enhanced four-wave mixing occurs through the interaction of a signal with two counterpropagating pump beams. In our experiments, the frequencies of all three input beams are different, and a small phase mismatch results. The magnitude of this mismatch was varied both by changing one of the input frequencies and the interaction length. The frequency of the second pump beam was changed by using stimulated Brillouin scattering in various mixtures. Thus we were able to vary the phase mismatch from four to thirteen resulting in a 50% change in the threshold intensity, in agreement with theoretical models. The ratio of the backward-to-forward pump beam intensities also affects the threshold, and measurements of this agree with the model.