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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Single-frequency continuous-wave diode-pumped Pr3+:BaY2F8 orange laser

David Pabœuf, Oussama Mhibik, Fabien Bretenaker, Philippe Goldner, Daniela Parisi, M. Tonelli

Published May 1, 2011• 0 citations

Abstract

The optical transition (3H4→1D2) of trivalent praseodymium embedded in crystalline matrices is a promising candidate for the realization of optically controlled quantum memories. This application requires a specific laser source emitting at 606 nm whose short-term linewidth is smaller than the linewidth of the considered ion, i.e., in the kHz range. Currently, this can only be addressed with a highly frequency stabilized dye laser [1]. In order to develop a simpler all-solid-state laser source suitable for coherent processing of Pr3+, we have explored Pr3+-doped fluoride materials which are well-known to offer a large range of available laser transitions in the visible spectrum ranging from blue to red [2] including an orange one around 600 nm, the pumping transitions lying in the blue between 445 and 480 nm. The recent developments of high power blue laser diodes emitting around 445 nm enable now the pumping of Pr-doped lasers in a compact setup. We present, here, the results we obtained with the diode pumping of a Pr3+:BaY2F8(Pr:BYF) crystal which emits at 607 nm.

DOI: 10.1109/cleoe.2011.5942454

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The optical transition (3H4→1D2) of trivalent praseodymium embedded in crystalline matrices is a promising candidate for the realization of optically controlled quantum memories. This application requires a specific laser source emitting at 606 nm whose short-term linewidth is smaller than the linewidth of the considered ion, i.e., in the kHz range. Currently, this can only be addressed with a highly frequency stabilized dye laser [1]. In order to develop a simpler all-solid-state laser source suitable for coherent processing of Pr3+, we have explored Pr3+-doped fluoride materials which are well-known to offer a large range of available laser transitions in the visible spectrum ranging from blue to red [2] including an orange one around 600 nm, the pumping transitions lying in the blue between 445 and 480 nm. The recent developments of high power blue laser diodes emitting around 445 nm enable now the pumping of Pr-doped lasers in a compact setup. We present, here, the results we obtained with the diode pumping of a Pr3+:BaY2F8(Pr:BYF) crystal which emits at 607 nm.

High resolution spectroscopy of quantum systems is a key point in the quantum information field. Rare earth ions in crystals are interesting candidates for this application because of the long coherence lifetime of some of their transitions. These ions can also be manipulated by optical excitation which has, however, to be produced by ultra-stable laser sources. This proves to be a very difficult task in the case of dye lasers which are necessary to excite Pr3+ doped crystals and especially Pr3+:Y2SiO5. This compound is by far the most used host in rare earth based quantum information studies. In this paper, we discuss the use of Pr3+,Yb3+ codoped materials to build an infrared pumped solid state laser suitable to excite Pr3+:Y2SiO5 around 606 nm. We show by the analysis of a rate equation model that avalanche upconversion is not very efficient to obtain a high power laser. This is more easily obtained if a second laser is set to pump resonantly Yb3+ ions. The spectroscopic properties of a new matrix Pr3+,Yb3+:PbF2 are also investigated. We found that this compound emits at 606.18 nm with a width of 5 nm and would be therefore suitable to excite Pr3+:Y2SiO5. Moreover, it can be excited at 857 nm and 975 nm, i.e. in the range of high power laser diodes.

Excited-state absorption spectra obtained by a pulsed pump–probe technique specially designed for the near-UV spectral domain were recorded in three Pr3+-doped fluoride crystals (KY3F10,LiYF4, and BaY2F8). These excited-state absorption spectra correspond to optical transitions from the 3P0 or the 1D2 metastable levels of the 4f2 configuration up to the first energy levels of the 4f5d electronic configuration. The position, the anisotropic behavior, and the line shape of the observed excited-state absorption bands are discussed and compared with ground-state absorption (from level 3H4) or direct excitation spectra available in the literature. Subsequently, two-step excitation into the 4f5d high-lying energy levels of Pr3 by means of 3P0 and 1D2 is shown to be an efficient way to produce broadband UV fluorescence by use of pump beams in the blue and the near UV.

High resolution, absolute excited-state absorption (ESA) spectra, at room temperature, from the long-lived 3F4 energy level of several crystals doped with trivalent thulium (Tm3+) ions have been measured employing high-brightness narrowband (FWHM <30 nm) light emitting diodes (LEDs) as a probe wavelength. The aim of this investigation was to determine the strength of ESA channels at wavelengths addressable by commercially available semiconductor laser diodes operating around 630-680 nm. The favourable lifetime of the 3F4 manifold and negligible ground-state absorption (GSA) for the red-wavelength second-step excitation, ensures a direct and efficient route for a dual-wavelength pumping scheme of the thulium ion, which will enable blue-green laser emission from its 1G4 upper-laser level.

We report on the first observation of low temperature pulsed blue and orange laser emissions in Pr3+:YAG. Furthermore, we compare these results with similar observations in YLiF4 and YAlO3 doped crystals. Pulsed laser oscillations were obtained in crystals with uncoated surfaces by direct excitation of one of the relevant Stark components of the 3P0, 3P1 or 3P2 states. A carefull spectroscopic analysis of all these systems allows to clearly identify the laser transitions as arising from the 3P0 metastable state, the lifetime of which has been measured using a nanosecond pumped dye laser.

This study presents a resonantly-pumped laser operation based on the inter-Stark transitions between the3F3and3H4multiplets of Pr3+ion. In this investigation, resonantly-pumped (at ~1547 nm), low quantum defect, laser action is achieved at 1676.5 nm from a Pr3+-doped RbPb2Cl5(RPC), low-phonon single crystal, which has recently been reported to lase at 2.5 mum. Hence, this type of laser holds promise for attaining a more efficient, resonantly-pumped, ultra-low quantum defect, eye-safe laser based on this gain medium. Furthermore, much lower nonradiative losses are expected, due to a very low phonon energy found in the Pr3+-doped material.