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Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference (CLEO/Europe-EQEC)

Resonantly-pumped Pr3+-doped eye-safe laser at ∼1.65 µm

N. Ter-Gabrielyan, T. Sanamyan, Mark A. DUBINSKII

Published Jun 1, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

This study presents a resonantly-pumped laser operation based on the inter-Stark transitions between the3F3and3H4multiplets of Pr3+ion. In this investigation, resonantly-pumped (at ~1547 nm), low quantum defect, laser action is achieved at 1676.5 nm from a Pr3+-doped RbPb2Cl5(RPC), low-phonon single crystal, which has recently been reported to lase at 2.5 mum. Hence, this type of laser holds promise for attaining a more efficient, resonantly-pumped, ultra-low quantum defect, eye-safe laser based on this gain medium. Furthermore, much lower nonradiative losses are expected, due to a very low phonon energy found in the Pr3+-doped material.

DOI
10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2009.5192941

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The European Physical Journal Applied Physics•Jan 16, 2007•12 citations
This study presents a resonantly-pumped laser operation based on the inter-Stark transitions between the3F3and3H4multiplets of Pr3+ion. In this investigation, resonantly-pumped (at ~1547 nm), low quantum defect, laser action is achieved at 1676.5 nm from a Pr3+-doped RbPb2Cl5(RPC), low-phonon single crystal, which has recently been reported to lase at 2.5 mum. Hence, this type of laser holds promise for attaining a more efficient, resonantly-pumped, ultra-low quantum defect, eye-safe laser based on this gain medium. Furthermore, much lower nonradiative losses are expected, due to a very low phonon energy found in the Pr3+-doped material.
The optical transition (3H4→1D2) of trivalent praseodymium embedded in crystalline matrices is a promising candidate for the realization of optically controlled quantum memories. This application requires a specific laser source emitting at 606 nm whose short-term linewidth is smaller than the linewidth of the considered ion, i.e., in the kHz range. Currently, this can only be addressed with a highly frequency stabilized dye laser [1]. In order to develop a simpler all-solid-state laser source suitable for coherent processing of Pr3+, we have explored Pr3+-doped fluoride materials which are well-known to offer a large range of available laser transitions in the visible spectrum ranging from blue to red [2] including an orange one around 600 nm, the pumping transitions lying in the blue between 445 and 480 nm. The recent developments of high power blue laser diodes emitting around 445 nm enable now the pumping of Pr-doped lasers in a compact setup. We present, here, the results we obtained with the diode pumping of a Pr3+:BaY2F8(Pr:BYF) crystal which emits at 607 nm.
For the first time, optical cooling has been observed in the (4)I(13/2) excited state of erbium(III), using the low phonon energy host materal, potassium lead chloride (KPb(2)Cl(2)). Cooling was observed when samples were pumped at wavelengths longer than 1557 nm, 17 nm longer than the mean fluorescence wavelength of 1540 nm, which implies a nonradiative heat load of 1.1% for the (4)I(13/2)-->(4)I(15/2) transition. When pumped at 1568 nm, the total cooling efficiency was 0.38% of the absorbed power. These results highlight the potential of Er(3+):KPb(2)Cl(5) as a material for lasers operating in an eye safe spectral region.
In this paper, we report the first laser-excited optical double-resonance experiments in rare-earth-doped crystals. Infrared upconversion in LaCl3 : Pr3+ and LaF3 : Pr3+ has been achieved by means of a tunable cw dye laser pump. The quantum efficiency of the upconversion process at 2.03 μ in LaCl3 : Pr3+ is 1.2×10−3, which is an improvement of 4×105 over the highest efficiency found previously with incoherent sources. It is shown that an efficiency of 1 can be easily obtained with higher fluxes and improved crystal quality. Direct excitation of the output fluorescence from the 3P0 level is observed in both LaCl3 : Pr3+ and LaF3 : Pr3+ when the dye laser frequency is resonant with the states of the lower-lying 1D2 manifold in the absence of the infrared input. Detailed assignments of the observed double-resonance transitions have been made from wavelength and polarization measurements.
High resolution spectroscopy of quantum systems is a key point in the quantum information field. Rare earth ions in crystals are interesting candidates for this application because of the long coherence lifetime of some of their transitions. These ions can also be manipulated by optical excitation which has, however, to be produced by ultra-stable laser sources. This proves to be a very difficult task in the case of dye lasers which are necessary to excite Pr3+ doped crystals and especially Pr3+:Y2SiO5. This compound is by far the most used host in rare earth based quantum information studies. In this paper, we discuss the use of Pr3+,Yb3+ codoped materials to build an infrared pumped solid state laser suitable to excite Pr3+:Y2SiO5 around 606 nm. We show by the analysis of a rate equation model that avalanche upconversion is not very efficient to obtain a high power laser. This is more easily obtained if a second laser is set to pump resonantly Yb3+ ions. The spectroscopic properties of a new matrix Pr3+,Yb3+:PbF2 are also investigated. We found that this compound emits at 606.18 nm with a width of 5 nm and would be therefore suitable to excite Pr3+:Y2SiO5. Moreover, it can be excited at 857 nm and 975 nm, i.e. in the range of high power laser diodes.