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Laser Physics Letters

Amplification of the intracavity dark-state field by a four-wave mixing process

Jiteng Sheng, Min Xiao

Published Mar 13, 2013• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency dark-state field can be significantly amplified with the characteristic three-peak structure unchanged by a four-wave mixing process in an optical ring cavity containing four-level double-Λ Doppler-broadened rubidium atoms. The intracavity dispersion and absorption/gain properties are used to qualitatively explain this cavity resonance structure. The amplification is saturated at a relatively high pump laser power, and the dark-state peak position is shifted due to the ac-Stark effect.

DOI
10.1088/1612-2011/10/5/055402

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We demonstrate both experimentally and theoretically that the intracavity electromagnetically induced transparency dark-state field can be significantly amplified with the characteristic three-peak structure unchanged by a four-wave mixing process in an optical ring cavity containing four-level double-Λ Doppler-broadened rubidium atoms. The intracavity dispersion and absorption/gain properties are used to qualitatively explain this cavity resonance structure. The amplification is saturated at a relatively high pump laser power, and the dark-state peak position is shifted due to the ac-Stark effect.
The cavity transmission spectrum is experimentally investigated in Λ-type three-level atoms coupled to a standing-wave cavity system. It is shown that the dark-state polariton peak is not generated at resonance but rather at off-resonance. The theoretical analysis reveals that the absence of an on-resonance dark-state polariton peak is mainly caused by the strong absorption of the intracavity medium to the probe cavity mode counterpropagating with the coupling field due to the Doppler shift in the hot atoms. Moreover, the optimal frequency position of the cavity mode for an efficient dark-state polariton peak is also demonstrated.
Cavity electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a coherently prepared cavity-atom system is manifested as a narrow transmission peak of a weak probe laser coupled into the cavity mode. We show that, with a resonant pump laser coupling the cavity-confined four-level atoms from free space, the narrow transmission peak of the cavity EIT is split into two peaks. The two peaks represent the dressed intracavity dark states and have a frequency separation approximately equal to the Rabi frequency of the free-space pump laser. We experimentally observed the dressed intracavity dark states in cold Rb atoms confined in a cavity, and the experimental results agree with theoretical calculations based on a semiclassical analysis.
We developed and experimentally realized a scheme of optical nonreciprocity (ONR) by using degenerate two-level atoms embedded in an optical ring cavity. For the degenerate transition Fg = 4 ↔ Fe = 3, we first studied the cavity-transmission property in different coupling field configurations and verified that under the strong-coupling regime, the single-dark-state peak formed by electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) showed ONR. The stable ground-state Zeeman coherence for Λ-chains involved in the degenerate two-level system was found to be important in the formation of intracavity EIT. However, different from the three-level atom–cavity system, in the degenerate two-level system, the ONR effect based on intracavity EIT occurred only at a low probe intensity, because the cavity–atom coupling strength was weakened in the counter-propagating probe and coupling field configuration. Furthermore, ONR transmission with a high contrast and linewidth-narrowing was experimentally demonstrated.
We present a theoretical study of an optical cavity coupled with single four-level atoms in closed loop formed via applied control lasers. The transmitted probe field from the cavity is analyzed. We show that the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the cavity and the normal mode splitting will be very different with changing the closed interaction phase and the intensity of the free-space control laser. This coupled cavity–atom system presents a variational double-EIT that comes from modulating the splitting of the dark state, which means that we could realize the gradual transfer between one EIT peak and two EIT peaks by adjusting the applied control lasers, and the normal mode splitting sidebands will shift slightly by changing the free-space control laser. This means that we could control the output cavity probe field more freely and it is easer to realize optical switch controlled by more parameters. We also depict the angular dispersion of the intracavity probe field in different free-space control laser. The large phase shift ( ) of the reflected intracavity probe field will be very useful for optical temporal differentiation and quantum phase gate.
We propose a method to controllably suppress the effect of the four-wave mixing caused by the coupling of the strong control optical field to both optical transitions in the Λ system under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). At sufficiently high atomic density, this process leads to amplification of a weak optical signal field, that is detrimental for the fidelity of any EIT-based quantum information applications. Here we show that an additional absorption resonance centred around the Stokes field frequency, generated in such a four-wave mixing process, may efficiently suppress the unwanted probe amplification without affecting properties of the EIT interaction. We discuss the possibility of creating such tunable absorption using two-photon Raman absorption resonances in the other Rb isotope, and present some preliminary experimental results.