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Physical Review Letters

Observation of Intracavity Electromagnetically Induced Transparency and Polariton Resonances in a Doppler-Broadened Medium

Haibin Wu, Julio R. Gea-Banacloche, Min Xiao

Published May 2, 2008• 136 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The transmission spectrum of three-level atoms in a vapor cell inside an optical cavity shows distinct peaks associated with atom-cavity polaritons in the system. We develop the theory of these resonances in a Doppler-broadened medium and present the results of experimental observations of these spectra in three-level Lambda-type rubidium atoms inside an optical ring cavity.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.100.173602

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The transmission spectrum of three-level atoms in a vapor cell inside an optical cavity shows distinct peaks associated with atom-cavity polaritons in the system. We develop the theory of these resonances in a Doppler-broadened medium and present the results of experimental observations of these spectra in three-level Lambda-type rubidium atoms inside an optical ring cavity.
The cavity transmission spectrum is experimentally investigated in Λ-type three-level atoms coupled to a standing-wave cavity system. It is shown that the dark-state polariton peak is not generated at resonance but rather at off-resonance. The theoretical analysis reveals that the absence of an on-resonance dark-state polariton peak is mainly caused by the strong absorption of the intracavity medium to the probe cavity mode counterpropagating with the coupling field due to the Doppler shift in the hot atoms. Moreover, the optimal frequency position of the cavity mode for an efficient dark-state polariton peak is also demonstrated.
We explore the high-density, nonlinear regime of atom-cavity coupling for a gas of three-level atoms at high temperature inside an optical cavity, interacting with the cavity field and a strong driving field. We find a region of parameters where the two side peaks in the transmission spectrum (which, in the linear regime, are associated with ``bright polaritons'') split into two pairs of peaks. Experimental results are presented along with a theoretical model that indicates that this phenomenon is unique to the three-level system in the large Doppler-broadening regime.
Laser spectroscopy experiments are reported on rubidium atoms by using two or three external cavity diode lasers to study multiple resonance transitions in Λ- and V-type systems as well as on (Λ+V)-type system. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) peaks having sub-natural line-widths are found on the Doppler broadened transmission backgrounds with velocity selective enhanced absorption dips. In the presence of a pump laser, probe spectrum shows enhancement of EIT signal by tuning the control laser frequency when the Λ- and V-type EIT signals are made to overlap. Theoretical analysis is carried out by solving the optical Bloch equations for five-level atomic model under Λ configuration. With the numerically simulated spectra, variation of EIT transmission peak with ground state decay rate and excited state spontaneous decay rate are investigated. Effect of pump Rabi frequency on the transmission peak is also shown.
An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.
We observed an electromagnetically induced transparency signal in a four-level system with optically selected rubidium atoms at specific velocities in a room-temperature vaporized cell. Since the atoms behave like cold atoms in the selected atomic view, the observed signals coincide with a trapped atomic system. According to this result, we can observe Doppler-free signals, which correspond from 1.2 to 1.0 K in a Doppler-broadened medium. And the selected atoms have velocity components of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(131 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3) MHz per wave number. Our experimental results can provide insight for research in cold media.