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Physical Review A

Observation of Doppler-free electromagnetically induced transparency in atoms selected optically with specific velocity

Hoon Yu, Kwan-Su Kim, Jung Dong Kim, Hyun Kyung Lee, Jung Bog Kim

Published Nov 18, 2011• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observed an electromagnetically induced transparency signal in a four-level system with optically selected rubidium atoms at specific velocities in a room-temperature vaporized cell. Since the atoms behave like cold atoms in the selected atomic view, the observed signals coincide with a trapped atomic system. According to this result, we can observe Doppler-free signals, which correspond from 1.2 to 1.0 K in a Doppler-broadened medium. And the selected atoms have velocity components of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(131 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3) MHz per wave number. Our experimental results can provide insight for research in cold media.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.84.052511

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We observed an electromagnetically induced transparency signal in a four-level system with optically selected rubidium atoms at specific velocities in a room-temperature vaporized cell. Since the atoms behave like cold atoms in the selected atomic view, the observed signals coincide with a trapped atomic system. According to this result, we can observe Doppler-free signals, which correspond from 1.2 to 1.0 K in a Doppler-broadened medium. And the selected atoms have velocity components of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}(131 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 3) MHz per wave number. Our experimental results can provide insight for research in cold media.
Electromagnetically-induced transparency has become an important tool to control the optical properties of dense media. However, in a broad class of systems, the interplay between inhomogeneous broadening and the existence of several excited levels may lead to a vanishing transparency. Here, by identifying the underlying physical mechanisms resulting in this effect, we show that transparency can be strongly enhanced. We thereby demonstrate a 5-fold enhancement in a room-temperature vapor of alkali-metal atoms via a specific shaping of the atomic velocity distribution.
We demonstrate a velocity selection scheme that mitigates suppression of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) by Doppler shifts for coupling wavelengths larger than the probe wavelength. An optical pumping beam counterpropagating with the EIT probe beam transfers atoms between hyperfine states in a velocity-selective fashion. Measurement of the transmitted probe beam synchronous with chopping of the optical pumping beam enables a Doppler-free EIT signal to be detected. Transition frequencies between 5P1/25{P}_{1/2}5P1/2​ and nS1/2n{S}_{1/2}nS1/2​ states for n=26n=26n=26, 27, and 28 in 39K^{39}\mathrm{K}39K are obtained via EIT spectroscopy in a heated vapor cell with a probe beam stabilized to the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{1/2}$ transition. Using previous high-resolution measurements of the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}n{S}_{1/2}$ transitions, we make a determination of the absolute frequency of the $4{S}_{1/2}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}5{P}_{1/2}$ transition. Our measurement is shifted by 560 MHz from the currently accepted value with a twofold improvement in uncertainty. These measurements will enable novel experiments with Rydberg-dressed ultracold Fermi gases composed of 40K^{40}\mathrm{K}40K atoms.
An electromagnetically induced transparency is observed at one arm of a three-level \ensuremath{\Lambda}-type system in a rubidium D1 line (794.8 nm) with an 85% reduction in absorption, when a pumping field is present at the other arm. This reduction in absorption for the weak probe field is due to the atomic coherence produced by the strong pumping field. This experiment is done in a Rb vapor cell at room temperature with cw diode lasers for both pumping and probe beams in a Doppler-free configuration. A simple theoretical treatment including Doppler broadening is in good qualitative agreement with the experimental measurement.
Abstract For multi-level systems in hot atomic vapors the interplay between the Doppler shift due to atomic motion and the wavenumber mismatch between driving laser fields strongly influences transmission and absorption properties of the atomic medium. In a three-level atomic ladder-system, Doppler broadening limits the visibility of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT) when the probe and control fields are co-propagating, while EIT is recovered under the opposite condition of counter-propagating geometry and k p < k c , with k p and k c being the wavenumbers of the probe and control fields, respectively. This effect has been studied and experimentally demonstrated as an efficient mechanism to realize non-reciprocal probe light transmission, which may enable applications as magnetic-field free optical isolators. Here, we describe the basics of this effect and discuss a simple picture for the underlying mechanism. We illustrate how the non-reciprocity scales with wavelength mismatch and show how to experimentally demonstrate the effect in a simple Rydberg-EIT system using thermal Rubidium atoms.