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arXiv:1509.08951 · Journal of Modern Optics

Suppression of the four-wave mixing amplification via Raman absorption

G. Romanov, Chris O’Brien, Irina V. Novikova

Published Jan 22, 2016• 13 citations
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Abstract

We propose a method to controllably suppress the effect of the four-wave mixing caused by the coupling of the strong control optical field to both optical transitions in the Λ system under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). At sufficiently high atomic density, this process leads to amplification of a weak optical signal field, that is detrimental for the fidelity of any EIT-based quantum information applications. Here we show that an additional absorption resonance centred around the Stokes field frequency, generated in such a four-wave mixing process, may efficiently suppress the unwanted probe amplification without affecting properties of the EIT interaction. We discuss the possibility of creating such tunable absorption using two-photon Raman absorption resonances in the other Rb isotope, and present some preliminary experimental results.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2015.1133856

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•Jan 1, 2017•0 citations
We propose a method to controllably suppress the effect of the four-wave mixing caused by the coupling of the strong control optical field to both optical transitions in the Λ system under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). At sufficiently high atomic density, this process leads to amplification of a weak optical signal field, that is detrimental for the fidelity of any EIT-based quantum information applications. Here we show that an additional absorption resonance centred around the Stokes field frequency, generated in such a four-wave mixing process, may efficiently suppress the unwanted probe amplification without affecting properties of the EIT interaction. We discuss the possibility of creating such tunable absorption using two-photon Raman absorption resonances in the other Rb isotope, and present some preliminary experimental results.
The evolution of enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman coherence as the probe intensity increases is observed experimentally in an 85 R b atomic vapor system. We propose that for a Doppler-broadened Λ -type level system, the generated anti-Stokes field from one-photon resonance will be suppressed by the dressed-states resonance and can be controlled by the probe intensity, which influences the effective transverse relaxation rate of Raman coherence. When the probe field is not so weak, the double resonance for dressed states will greatly suppress the anti-Stokes emission at the central frequency, and the signal peak will be split. We show that this phenomenon is a result of the destructive polarization interference between atoms with different velocities from the two types of resonance. Based on our model, we present a new, to the best of our knowledge, interpretation of four-wave mixing enhancement in the conventional Λ -type electromagnetically induced transparency system.
We experimentally and theoretically analyze the propagation of weak-signal field pulses under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in hot Rb vapor, and study the effects of resonant four-wave mixing (FWM). In particular, we demonstrate that in a double-Λ system, formed by the strong control field with the weak resonant signal and a far-detuned Stokes field, both continuous-wave spectra and pulse propagation dynamics for the signal field depend strongly on the amplitude of the seeded Stokes field, and the effect is enhanced in optically dense atomic medium. We also show that the theory describing the coupled propagation of the signal and Stokes fields is in good agreement with the experimental observations.
We experimentally demonstrate coherent amplification of probe field in a tripod-type atoms driven by strong coupling, signal and weak probe fields. We suppress linear and nonlinear atomic absorptions for resonant and near resonant probe via double electromagnetically induced transparency (DEIT). Combining these advantages of suppressed absorption along with temperature- or atomic-density-controlled transfer of population(ToP) between hyperfine ground states, we can induce near-resonant amplification of probe through stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) pumped by low-intensity signal field. The increased population difference of initial and final states of SRS due to increased ToP rate, together with reduced absorption at the second EIT window in an optically thick Cesium vapor, gives rise to highly effective coherent amplification.
We observe experimentally huge enhanced four-wave mixing based on Raman resonance in an 85Rb atomic vapor system. With the decrease of coupling field power or the increase of experimental temperature, the signal tends to be narrowed down in linewidth, and be basically the same spectrum as the stimulated Raman spectroscopy. It is found that the macroscopic polarization interference effect plays a crucial role in determining the nonlinear spectra. Further more, in the Doppler-broadened Λ-type energy level system, there is a strong relationship among electromagnetically induced transparency, four-wave mixing and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. The sharp transparent window in electromagnetically induced transparency can be interpreted as the suppression of Raman gain on the linear absorption of the probe field. However, the four-wave mixing signal is a new field generated by the atomic vapor system, and it comes from the Raman gain which is affected and modified by the absorption and dispersion of the nonlinear optical medium. It shows that in a Λ-type Doppler-broadened system, in essence, both the electromagnetically induced transparency and enhanced four-wave mixing stem from stimulated Raman scattering based on the third-order nonlinear processes, just the spectra of which are from different ways and objects of detection.
In the last few decades, coherent light-atom interactions have opened unprecedented possibilities for the coherent control of atomic and optical quantum systems, paved the way for the practical realization of quantum information technologies, and allowed for the creation of novel quantum-enhanced sensors. This dissertation investigates the interaction of multiple near-resonant optical fields with hot rubidium atoms under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency. The main goal of the presented research is to address some fundamental challenges in using such systems for practical applications. The EIT effect relies on the strong coupling of an optical probe field and a collective long-lived ensemble of atomic spins by the means of a strong classical optical control field in a Lambda configuration. While optically-thick atomic vapor is necessary to achieve such a strong coupling regime, the increasing optical depth of the atomic ensemble also leads to the effective enhancement of other nonlinear light-atom interactions, such as the four-wave mixing effect. Here we discuss the possibility to control four-wave mixing in a three-level system without deteriorating the coherent properties of EIT by introducing an additional absorber resonant exclusively with the Stokes field. The exclusive detection of a weak probe field in the presence of a strong control field is a challenging experimental task, especially at the few-photon level. Many experiments employ polarization and/or frequency filtering to compete the task. We present an alternative filtering technique based on optical vortices for cases when the traditional methods are not sufficient or restrict the experimental arrangements. Finally, we demonstrate the possibility to manipulate the group velocity of a pulsed squeezed vacuum field by using the optical dispersion modification via Zeeman spin coherence in rubidium atoms. By changing the interaction condition, we demonstrate the switch between the ``slow'' and (for the first time) ``fast'' light regime. We also show that increased optical depth simultaneously leads to the enhancement of pulse advancement and the deterioration of squeezing fidelity in the output pulses.