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arXiv:1707.09485 · Scientific Reports

Strong Coherent Light Amplification with Double Electromagnetically Induced Transparency Coherences

Dan Wang, Chao Liu, Changshun Xiao, Junxiang Zhang, Hessa M. M. Alotaibi, Barry C. Sanders, Li-Gang Wang, Shiyao Zhu

Published Jul 13, 2017• 24 citations
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Abstract

We experimentally demonstrate coherent amplification of probe field in a tripod-type atoms driven by strong coupling, signal and weak probe fields. We suppress linear and nonlinear atomic absorptions for resonant and near resonant probe via double electromagnetically induced transparency (DEIT). Combining these advantages of suppressed absorption along with temperature- or atomic-density-controlled transfer of population(ToP) between hyperfine ground states, we can induce near-resonant amplification of probe through stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) pumped by low-intensity signal field. The increased population difference of initial and final states of SRS due to increased ToP rate, together with reduced absorption at the second EIT window in an optically thick Cesium vapor, gives rise to highly effective coherent amplification.

DOI
10.1038/s41598-017-06266-0

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We experimentally demonstrate coherent amplification of probe field in a tripod-type atoms driven by strong coupling, signal and weak probe fields. We suppress linear and nonlinear atomic absorptions for resonant and near resonant probe via double electromagnetically induced transparency (DEIT). Combining these advantages of suppressed absorption along with temperature- or atomic-density-controlled transfer of population(ToP) between hyperfine ground states, we can induce near-resonant amplification of probe through stimulated Raman scattering(SRS) pumped by low-intensity signal field. The increased population difference of initial and final states of SRS due to increased ToP rate, together with reduced absorption at the second EIT window in an optically thick Cesium vapor, gives rise to highly effective coherent amplification.
We propose a method to controllably suppress the effect of the four-wave mixing caused by the coupling of the strong control optical field to both optical transitions in the Λ system under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). At sufficiently high atomic density, this process leads to amplification of a weak optical signal field, that is detrimental for the fidelity of any EIT-based quantum information applications. Here we show that an additional absorption resonance centred around the Stokes field frequency, generated in such a four-wave mixing process, may efficiently suppress the unwanted probe amplification without affecting properties of the EIT interaction. We discuss the possibility of creating such tunable absorption using two-photon Raman absorption resonances in the other Rb isotope, and present some preliminary experimental results.
We investigate the nonlinear optical susceptibility of an alkali-metal atom with tripod electronic configuration responsible for generating cross-phase modulation and self-phase modulation under the condition of double-double electromagnetically induced transparency. Our investigation demonstrates an enhancement in the nonlinear optical susceptibility of an alkali-metal atom by a factor of 1000 in the region of the second transparency window. This enhancement is in comparison with the atom's susceptibility in the first transparency window for the same parameters under the same conditions. Nonlinear-absorption enhancement arises by canceling Raman-gain generation, which arises when the probe and signal fields have equal intensities. At the center of the second transparency window, we obtain the condition required to attain a nonvanishing nonlinear optical susceptibility. In the bare-state picture, the coupling field must be off resonant from a bare-to-bare-state transition, while working in the semiclassical dressed picture required the signal field to be tuned off resonantly with a bare-to-dressed-state transition. The relation that governs the values of coupling- and signal-field detuning are also obtained. Our scheme exhibits the fact that the second transparency window has advantages over the first transparency window with respect to obtaining an enhanced Kerr effect, and our calculation includes simulation of both low-temperature and Doppler-broadened regimes.
The coherent superposition of two-atomic levels induced by coherent population trapping is employed in a standard ΛΛΛ type scheme to form a tripod-like system. A weak probe pulse scanning across the system is shown to experience a crossover from absorption to transparent and then to amplification. Consequently the group velocity of the probe pulse can be controlled to propagate either as a subluminal, a standard, a superluminal or even a negative speed. It is shown that the propagation behavior of the light field is entirely determined and controlled by the initial states of the coherent superposition.
This study demonstrates that tripod atom-field electronic structure can yield rich electromagnetically induced transparency phenomena, even at room temperature. In particular, we introduce double double electromagnetically induced transparency (DDEIT), wherein signal and probe fields each have two transparency windows. Their group velocities can be matched in either the first or second pair of transparency windows. Moreover, signal and probe fields can each experience coherent Raman gain in the second transparency window. Our investigation has demonstrated that the self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) vanish at the center of two transparency windows for resonant coupling field. However, the values of the XPM and SPM in the region of the second EIT window are improved by a factor of 100010001000 compared to their values in the region of the first EIT window under the same conditions, and have non-zero values at the center of the second EIT window for nonresonant coupling field. Additionally, we derive an analytical solution for the wave equation describing the propagation of the probe field whose amplitude-envelope function is described by the fundamental mode Laguerre-Gaussian function. Our solution exhibits that the group velocity of the probe field reduces as the field propagates through the medium. The group velocity reduction is a consequence of spatially-varying susceptibility. The variation of the susceptibility is established by employing signal field whose amplitude-envelope functions is also described by the fundamental mode Laguerre-Gaussian function. For Doppler-broadened media, we devise a scheme to control and reduce the probe-field group velocity at the center of the second transparency window. We derive numerical and approximate analytical solutions for the width of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) windows and for the group velocities of the probe field at the two distinct transparency windows, and we show that the group velocities of the probe field can be lowered by judiciously choosing the physical parameters of the system. Our modeling enables us to identify three signal-field strength regimes quantified by the Rabi frequency, for slowing the probe field. Our scheme exploits the fact that the second transparency window is sensitive to a temperature-controlled signal-field nonlinearity, whereas the first transparency window is insensitive to this nonlinearity.
We have experimentally studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in hot 85Rb atomic vapor using probe and coupling light with comparable power levels. We have shown that strong-probe EIT has different linewidth and appears in fewer configurations than does usual, weak probe EIT. In V-scheme, where optical pumping and saturation are dominant mechanisms, narrow EIT is possible only when a probe is tuned to a closed transition. The width of the EIT resonance increases with laser intensity with non-linear dependence, similar to the weak-probe EIT in Lambda- scheme. The EIT in Lambda- scheme was observed when two transitions had balanced population losses. The EIA was modified for the case of a strong probe as well: in four-level N-scheme with Zeeman sublevels the EIA was observed only for a cycling transition when F'=F+1, where F and F' are the angular momenta of the 5 2S1/2 (ground) and 5 2P3/2 (excited) state hyper-fine levels, respectively. The combination of strong probe and strong coupling laser beam intensities allows observation of an absorption dip due to three-photon resonance in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.