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Optics Express

Sub-Doppler absorption narrowing in atomic vapor at two intense laser fields

Aleksandar J. Krmpot, Marina M. Mijailovi, Bratimir M. Pani?, Dragan V. Luki?, A. Kovačević, Dejan V. Panteli, B M Jelenkovi

Published Jan 1, 2005• 34 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have experimentally studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in hot 85Rb atomic vapor using probe and coupling light with comparable power levels. We have shown that strong-probe EIT has different linewidth and appears in fewer configurations than does usual, weak probe EIT. In V-scheme, where optical pumping and saturation are dominant mechanisms, narrow EIT is possible only when a probe is tuned to a closed transition. The width of the EIT resonance increases with laser intensity with non-linear dependence, similar to the weak-probe EIT in Lambda- scheme. The EIT in Lambda- scheme was observed when two transitions had balanced population losses. The EIA was modified for the case of a strong probe as well: in four-level N-scheme with Zeeman sublevels the EIA was observed only for a cycling transition when F'=F+1, where F and F' are the angular momenta of the 5 2S1/2 (ground) and 5 2P3/2 (excited) state hyper-fine levels, respectively. The combination of strong probe and strong coupling laser beam intensities allows observation of an absorption dip due to three-photon resonance in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.

DOI
10.1364/opex.13.001448

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Employing two lasers as the coupling and probe fields which have opposite circular polarization (σ + and σ -), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Λ-type Zeeman sublevels of cesium 6 2S 1/2F=3-6 2P 3/2F′=2 degenerate two-level system has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra. The effect of the intensity and detuning of different coupling. Laser on EII was also investigated in experiments. Within the Doppler background, optical pumping among Zeeman sub-levels and the population of different Zeeman sub-levels can dominate the intensity of EIT effect. And the physical reason of the rugged spectra are presented qualitatively.

Chinese Journal of Lasers•Jan 1, 2005•0 citations
We have experimentally studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in hot 85Rb atomic vapor using probe and coupling light with comparable power levels. We have shown that strong-probe EIT has different linewidth and appears in fewer configurations than does usual, weak probe EIT. In V-scheme, where optical pumping and saturation are dominant mechanisms, narrow EIT is possible only when a probe is tuned to a closed transition. The width of the EIT resonance increases with laser intensity with non-linear dependence, similar to the weak-probe EIT in Lambda- scheme. The EIT in Lambda- scheme was observed when two transitions had balanced population losses. The EIA was modified for the case of a strong probe as well: in four-level N-scheme with Zeeman sublevels the EIA was observed only for a cycling transition when F'=F+1, where F and F' are the angular momenta of the 5 2S1/2 (ground) and 5 2P3/2 (excited) state hyper-fine levels, respectively. The combination of strong probe and strong coupling laser beam intensities allows observation of an absorption dip due to three-photon resonance in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.
Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption is observed in a transmission of the coupling laser, locked to transition between hyperfine levels of the ground and excited states of 85Rb. The transmission was monitored in a V, Λ and N-type systems while the probe laser, with similar power as the coupling laser, scans across the hyperfine levels F' of the 2P3/2. The measured width of the EIT resonance increases with a square-root dependence of laser intensity. The EIA was observed only for a cycling transition and for F' = F+1, where F and F' are the angluar momentum of the hyper-fine levels of the 2S1/2 and 2P3/2, respectively. We demonstrated the effect of a three-photon EIA in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.
In this paper, we present a theoretical model for studying the interaction between linearly polarized laser light and near-degenerated Zeeman sublevels for a multiple V-type atomic system of $^{2}S_{1∕2}{F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{3∕2}{F}_{e}=3$ transition in 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. We have calculated the laser absorption in a Hanle configuration, as well as the amplitudes and the widths of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the range of laser intensities from 0.01to40mW∕cm20.01\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}0.01to40mW∕cm2. Our results, showing nonvanishing EIA amplitude, a nonmonotonic increase of the EIA width for the increase of laser intensity, and pronounced shape differences of the Hanle EIA curves at different laser intensities, are in good agreement with recent experimental results. We have found that the EIA behaves differently than the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as a function of the laser intensity. Both the amplitude and width of the EIA have narrow maximums at 1to2mW∕cm21\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}1to2mW∕cm2. We have shown the strong influence of Doppler broadening of atomic transition on Hanle resonances and have suggested the explanation of it.
Atomic coherence resonances such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) signals are observed in a Doppler broadened multi-level system for the D 2 line of 85 Rb atoms in a vapour cell considering different types of atom–laser coupling schemes. Besides the coherence resonances, the nonlinear resonances like velocity selective optical pumping (VSOP) dips and velocity selective resonances (VSR) are also observed for the non-zero velocity selective groups of atoms. In the presence of pump, control and probe laser fields, we observe two EIT signals in a double Λ-type system and two EIA signals in a double V -type system. We are able to see the EIA signal for the non-zero velocity group of atoms when the pump laser is locked with an open transition by a small red detuning. We also report the experimental observation of simultaneous EIT and EIA signals in a (Λ+ V )-type system. The effect of frequency tuning of the control laser is also studied in the presence of the frequency locked pump laser. A simple theoretical analysis explains the experimental results.
In this paper, we present the theoretical study of double electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level V-type system which is formed by two co-propagating laser fields and the Zeeman sublevels of hyperfine transitions of 87Rb D2 line. The density matrix equations for the four-level V-type system are derived from the Liouville’s equation of motion and numerically solved under steady state condition to get the EIT signals. We consider both the probe and pump transmission spectra for the observation of double EIT signals under both Doppler free and Doppler broadened conditions. In case of Doppler free medium, two EIT peaks are formed in the two Lorentzian shape dips present in the both Doppler free probe and pump transmission spectra. When the medium becomes Doppler broadened, the two EIT peaks are formed in the probe transmission spectrum having Doppler broadened background, but the pump transmission spectrum gives two EIT peaks in the Doppler free background. The effect of probe intensity variation on the two EIT peaks is studied in case of Doppler broadened probe transmission spectrum. It is found that the heights of the EIT peaks decrease as the probe intensity increases, and interestingly one EIT peak converts into EIA (electromagnetically induced absorption) dip at some strong probe intensity value. The depth of the EIA dip is significantly increased as the intensity of the probe field increases. We also present the effect of probe intensity variation on the EIT peaks in the pump transmission spectrum and found that the EIT peak heights are increased as the probe intensity increases.
Employing an intense laser field coupling to the degenerate two-level system of cesium 6 2S_ 1/2(F=4)- 6 2P_ 3/2(F′=5) transition in a cesium vapor cell, electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra, at the same time, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of V-type three-level scheme has been demonstrated on the F=4-F′=3 and F=4-F′=4 transition frequency. The EIA is affected by the intensity and detuning of the coupling laser. By analyzing the effect of optical pumping between Zeeman sub-levels on the EIA and the coherent interactions between multiple degenerate two-level atoms, it is shown that the optical pumping affects the population of different Zeeman sub-levels and the number of the involved two-level atoms, the coherent time between the sub-levels is then changed and the linewidth and intensity of the EIA are affected accordingly.
Employing two lasers as the coupling and probe fields which have opposite circular polarization (σ + and σ -), electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Λ-type Zeeman sublevels of cesium 6 2S 1/2F=3-6 2P 3/2F′=2 degenerate two-level system has been demonstrated via probe absorption spectra. The effect of the intensity and detuning of different coupling. Laser on EII was also investigated in experiments. Within the Doppler background, optical pumping among Zeeman sub-levels and the population of different Zeeman sub-levels can dominate the intensity of EIT effect. And the physical reason of the rugged spectra are presented qualitatively.