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Physical Review A

Intensity dependence narrowing of electromagnetically induced absorption in a Doppler-broadened medium

Jelena Dimitrijević, D. Arsenović, B. M. Jelenkovic

Published Jul 27, 2007• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, we present a theoretical model for studying the interaction between linearly polarized laser light and near-degenerated Zeeman sublevels for a multiple V-type atomic system of $^{2}S_{1∕2}{F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{2}P_{3∕2}{F}_{e}=3$ transition in $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$. We have calculated the laser absorption in a Hanle configuration, as well as the amplitudes and the widths of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the range of laser intensities from $0.01\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}40\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. Our results, showing nonvanishing EIA amplitude, a nonmonotonic increase of the EIA width for the increase of laser intensity, and pronounced shape differences of the Hanle EIA curves at different laser intensities, are in good agreement with recent experimental results. We have found that the EIA behaves differently than the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) as a function of the laser intensity. Both the amplitude and width of the EIA have narrow maximums at $1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mW}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We have shown the strong influence of Doppler broadening of atomic transition on Hanle resonances and have suggested the explanation of it.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.76.013836

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The effect of incident light field ellipticity on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances has been studied experimentally and computationally in Hanle configuration with longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields. We identify the Zeeman coherences that influence the resonance profile and study the role of coherence-transfer from excited to ground state via spontaneous emission as a function of ellipticity for the ${F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=3$ transition of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$. The EIT resonance observed with the light field locked on the ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=2$ transition of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ is an influence of the nearby ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=0$ closed and ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=1$ open transitions. With increase in ellipticity the observed EIA and EIT resonances diminish in amplitude for a longitudinal magnetic field and are enhanced for a transverse magnetic field. We computationally account for these observations and discuss the factors that influence the EIA and EIT resonance amplitudes as a function of ellipticity and show that for a transverse field scan the ellipticity dependence of the EIA resonance amplitude can be accounted for without invoking the Doppler effect unlike for a longitudinal field scan. We also show that the maximum in the EIA resonance amplitude obtained for nonzero ellipticities with a longitudinal magnetic field depends on the closedness of the atomic system.

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Using the 2 S 1/2 Fg = 2 -→ 2 P 3/2 Fe = 3 transition in 87 Rb, we analyzed the interaction between the arbitrarily polarized laser light and Zeeman sublevels in the Hanle configuration.We studied theoretically and confirmed experimentally that the effect of the laser light polarization on the electromagnetically induced absorption strongly depends on the laser light power.For the same atomic transition, and for single laser light power (3 mW), it was recently shown that electromagnetically induced absorption line widths increase with polarization ellipticity and that electromagnetically induced absorption amplitude has maximum for certain laser light polarization different than linear.Here, we present results for amplitudes and widths of electromagnetically induced absorption for different laser light polarizations and for the laser light power ≤ 200 µW.It is verified that for small laser light power maximal electromagnetically induced absorption amplitude is for the linear polarization, whereas for larger power maximum of the electromagnetically induced absorption is at higher polarization ellipticity.
Using the (2)S(1/2)F(g) = 2 --> (2)P(3/2)F(e) = 3 transition in (87)Rb vapor at room temperature, we study effect of the laser light polarization on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). This work extends the recent study of the behavior of the EIA as a function of the laser ellipticity (Brazhnikov et. al., JETP Lett. 83, 64, 2006). We have shown that such behavior strongly depends on the laser power. For the low laser power EIA amplitude has maximum for linearly polarized light, while for high laser power elliptically polarized light of ellipticity 15-20 degrees generates maximum of the EIA amplitude. EIA width varies slowly with the laser ellipticity at lower laser power, and much stronger at higher laser power. Through our theoretical model we attributed observed results to combined effect of the laser ellipticity and power on the population of ground state Zeeman sublevels.
Amplitude and linewidts of the Hanle EIA, obtained from transmission of the laser locked to closed F(g) ? F(e) = F(g) +1 transitions in (85)Rb and(87)Rb, have maximum values at few mW/cm2. Amplitude of the EIA reaches steady value different from zero for higher laser intensities, even for laser intensities of 40 mW/cm(2). Theoretical model of EIA, for the same atomic system as in the experiment, show that the laser intensity, at which maximum of amplitudes and widths occur, depends on the laser detuning. For smaller laser detuning of a few tens of MHz, EIA has a maximum and then vanishes at higher laser intensities. For larger laser detuning of the order of hundreds MHz (but still in the range of Doppler broadening) amplitude of the EIA has very broad maximum and remains above zero for intensities above 40 mW/cm(2). Such theoretical results indicate that Hanle absorption peak remains in the experimental results, regardless of the laser intensities, due to Doppler effect.
Effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the degenerate two-level system at the F g =2→ F e =1,2, and 3 transitions of the 87 Rb D2 line have been investigated. Two different polarization configurations, such as linear parallel and linear perpendicular polarizations of coupling and probe lasers, have been studied. We study the significant variation of EIT and EIA due to the effect of the neighboring transitions via artificial variation of the hyperfine spacings of the 5 P 3/2 state. We have a new observation such as EIT instead of EIA due to the neighboring effect, even in the case of closed systems such as F g =2→ F e =3 of 87 Rb for the linear parallel configuration, for the first time to our best knowledge. The observed spectra match well with theoretically calculated spectra. EIAs for the open F g =2→ F e =1 and 2 transitions at the linear perpendicular polarization are observed due to neighboring effects. This system may be applied to optical switching systems for future quantum processing application.
We have experimentally studied electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) in hot 85Rb atomic vapor using probe and coupling light with comparable power levels. We have shown that strong-probe EIT has different linewidth and appears in fewer configurations than does usual, weak probe EIT. In V-scheme, where optical pumping and saturation are dominant mechanisms, narrow EIT is possible only when a probe is tuned to a closed transition. The width of the EIT resonance increases with laser intensity with non-linear dependence, similar to the weak-probe EIT in Lambda- scheme. The EIT in Lambda- scheme was observed when two transitions had balanced population losses. The EIA was modified for the case of a strong probe as well: in four-level N-scheme with Zeeman sublevels the EIA was observed only for a cycling transition when F'=F+1, where F and F' are the angular momenta of the 5 2S1/2 (ground) and 5 2P3/2 (excited) state hyper-fine levels, respectively. The combination of strong probe and strong coupling laser beam intensities allows observation of an absorption dip due to three-photon resonance in a four-level scheme that involves the Raman transitions via virtual level.
The effect of incident light field ellipticity on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances has been studied experimentally and computationally in Hanle configuration with longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields. We identify the Zeeman coherences that influence the resonance profile and study the role of coherence-transfer from excited to ground state via spontaneous emission as a function of ellipticity for the ${F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=3$ transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. The EIT resonance observed with the light field locked on the ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=2$ transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb is an influence of the nearby ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=0$ closed and ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=1$ open transitions. With increase in ellipticity the observed EIA and EIT resonances diminish in amplitude for a longitudinal magnetic field and are enhanced for a transverse magnetic field. We computationally account for these observations and discuss the factors that influence the EIA and EIT resonance amplitudes as a function of ellipticity and show that for a transverse field scan the ellipticity dependence of the EIA resonance amplitude can be accounted for without invoking the Doppler effect unlike for a longitudinal field scan. We also show that the maximum in the EIA resonance amplitude obtained for nonzero ellipticities with a longitudinal magnetic field depends on the closedness of the atomic system.