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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Effects of neighboring transitions on electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency in 87 Rb atoms with respect to varying hyperfine spacings

Zeeshan Ali Safdar Jadoon, Aisar-ul Hassan, Heung‐Ryoul Noh, Jin‐Tae Kim

Published Sep 6, 2023• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the degenerate two-level system at the F g =2→ F e =1,2, and 3 transitions of the 87 Rb D2 line have been investigated. Two different polarization configurations, such as linear parallel and linear perpendicular polarizations of coupling and probe lasers, have been studied. We study the significant variation of EIT and EIA due to the effect of the neighboring transitions via artificial variation of the hyperfine spacings of the 5 P 3/2 state. We have a new observation such as EIT instead of EIA due to the neighboring effect, even in the case of closed systems such as F g =2→ F e =3 of 87 Rb for the linear parallel configuration, for the first time to our best knowledge. The observed spectra match well with theoretically calculated spectra. EIAs for the open F g =2→ F e =1 and 2 transitions at the linear perpendicular polarization are observed due to neighboring effects. This system may be applied to optical switching systems for future quantum processing application.

DOI
10.1364/josab.501331

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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•Mar 27, 2015•20 citations
Effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of the degenerate two-level system at the F g =2→ F e =1,2, and 3 transitions of the 87 Rb D2 line have been investigated. Two different polarization configurations, such as linear parallel and linear perpendicular polarizations of coupling and probe lasers, have been studied. We study the significant variation of EIT and EIA due to the effect of the neighboring transitions via artificial variation of the hyperfine spacings of the 5 P 3/2 state. We have a new observation such as EIT instead of EIA due to the neighboring effect, even in the case of closed systems such as F g =2→ F e =3 of 87 Rb for the linear parallel configuration, for the first time to our best knowledge. The observed spectra match well with theoretically calculated spectra. EIAs for the open F g =2→ F e =1 and 2 transitions at the linear perpendicular polarization are observed due to neighboring effects. This system may be applied to optical switching systems for future quantum processing application.
The effects of neighboring transitions through Doppler broadening on electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for the D2 transition line in Rb atoms with respect to the same circular polarization configurations ( σ + − σ + ) of coupling and probe lasers have been investigated. Spectra for the open F g = 2 → F e = 2 transition of 87 Rb and the F g = 3 → F e = 2 and 3 transitions of 85 Rb exhibit EIA, resulting from the neighboring effect of F g = 2 → F e = 3 and F g = 3 → F e = 4 transitions, respectively. In contrast, EIT is observed for the open F g = 2 → F e = 1 transition of 87 Rb, which indicates greater hyperfine energy splittings of 87 Rb and weaker neighboring effects than those of 85 Rb. Based on the theoretical results, we can confirm that EIT in the case of F g > F e for 87 Rb and circular parallel polarization transforms into EIA due to the magnitude of the neighboring effects with a decrease in the hyperfine energy splittings.
In this study, optical Bloch equations with and without neighboring hyperfine states near the degenerate two-level system (DTLS) in the challenging case of [Formula: see text]Rb D2 transition, which involves the Doppler broadening effect, are solved. The calculated spectra agree well with the experimental results obtained based on the coupling-probe scheme with orthogonal linear polarizations of the coupling and probe fields. The mechanisms of electromagnetically induced absorption (electromagnetically induced transparency) for the open [Formula: see text] and 3 transitions (open [Formula: see text] and 3 transitions) are determined to be the effect of the strong closed [Formula: see text] transition line (strong closed [Formula: see text] transition line); this finding is based on a comparison between the calculated absorption profiles of the DTLS without neighboring states and those of all levels with neighboring states, depending on the coupling and probe power ratios. Furthermore, based on the aforementioned comparison, the crucial factors that enhance or reduce the coherence effects and lead to the transformation between electromagnetically induced absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency, are (1) the power ratios between the coupling and probe beams, (2) the openness of the excited state, and (3) effects of the neighboring states due to Doppler broadening in a real atomic system.
Abstract Optical Bloch equations with and without neighboring hyperfine states near the degenerate two-level system (DTLS) in the challenging case of 85Rb D2 transition that involves the Doppler broadening effect are solved herein. The calculated spectra agree well with the experimental results obtained using the coupling-probe scheme with orthogonal linear polarizations of the coupling and probe fields. The mechanisms of electromagnetically induced absorption (electromagnetically induced transparency) for the open Fg = 3 → Fe = 2 and 3 transitions (open Fg = 2 → Fe = 2 and 3 transitions) are clearly determined to be the effect of the strong closed Fg = 3 → Fe = 4 transition line (strong closed Fg = 2 → Fe = 1 transition line) based on the comparisons of the calculated absorption profiles of a DTLS without neighboring states and those of all levels with neighboring states depending on the coupling and probe power ratios. The crucial factors established based on comparisons of the calculated absorption profiles of DTLS with and without neighboring states, which enhance or reduce coherence effects and result in transformation between electromagnetically induced absorption and electromagnetically induced transparency, are the power ratios between coupling and probe beams, openness of the excited state, and effects of the neighboring states due to the Doppler broadening in a real atomic system.
The effects of neighboring transitions (ENT) on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), and the conversion between EIA and EIT in a degenerate multi-level system of 87Rb atoms were studied in terms of the angle (θ) between the polarization axes of the coupling and probe beams. The predicted critical values of θ, in which EIT transitioned to EIA, were consistent with the experimental values. In this work these results were systematically confirmed using the calculated spectra by varying the frequency spacings in the excited state of 87Rb via a factor called the ratio. We observed that when the ratio was less than 0.1, the critical angle θc was inverted. This may be attributed to the interplay between the strengths of the EIA and EIT as the ENT varied. We also discovered that by modifying the frequency spacings in the excited state of 87Rb, it becomes feasible to predict ENT and the interplay between EIT and EIA in alkali-metal atoms.
The effects of neighbouring transitions (ENT) on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT), electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA), and the conversion between EIA and EIT in a degenerate multi-level system of 87Rb atoms were studied in terms of the angle (θ) between the polarization axes of the coupling and probe beams. The predicted critical values of θ, in which EIT transitioned to EIA, were consistent with the experimental values. In this work these results were systematically confirmed using the calculated spectra by varying the frequency spacings in the excited state of 87Rb via a factor called the ratio. We observed that when the ratio was less than 0.1, the critical angle θc was inverted. This may be attributed to the interplay between the strengths of the EIA and EIT as the ENT varied. We also discovered that by modifying the frequency spacings in the excited state of 87Rb, it becomes feasible to predict ENT and the interplay between EIT and EIA in alkali-metal atoms.
Abstract The influence of the closed transition on the neighboring and open transitions of the 87 Rb D 2 line, partially resolved under Doppler broadening, is studied at different ellipticities in the Hanle configuration with longitudinal and transverse magnetic field scans. We show that a sign reversal from an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance to an electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonance occurs with an increase in ellipticity for the transition in a transverse field scan. This transformation is not observed for a longitudinal field scan. These observations are attributed to the higher amplitude of the EIA resonance for the transition in transverse field scans for elliptical polarized light. The EIA character in the Hanle transmission profile of and transitions is enhanced (weakened) when the laser beam frequency is detuned towards (away from) the transition. We show by computation that at higher ellipticities, a transformation from an EIT to an EIA resonance for the transition occurs at low frequency shifts (towards the transition) in a transverse field scan.