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Physical Review A

Effect of ellipticity on Hanle electromagnetically induced absorption and transparency resonances with longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields

Nibedita Ram, M. Pattabiraman, Cherianath Vijayan

Published Sep 16, 2010• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The effect of incident light field ellipticity on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances has been studied experimentally and computationally in Hanle configuration with longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields. We identify the Zeeman coherences that influence the resonance profile and study the role of coherence-transfer from excited to ground state via spontaneous emission as a function of ellipticity for the ${F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=3$ transition of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$. The EIT resonance observed with the light field locked on the ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=2$ transition of $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ is an influence of the nearby ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=0$ closed and ${F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=1$ open transitions. With increase in ellipticity the observed EIA and EIT resonances diminish in amplitude for a longitudinal magnetic field and are enhanced for a transverse magnetic field. We computationally account for these observations and discuss the factors that influence the EIA and EIT resonance amplitudes as a function of ellipticity and show that for a transverse field scan the ellipticity dependence of the EIA resonance amplitude can be accounted for without invoking the Doppler effect unlike for a longitudinal field scan. We also show that the maximum in the EIA resonance amplitude obtained for nonzero ellipticities with a longitudinal magnetic field depends on the closedness of the atomic system.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.82.033417

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The effect of incident light field ellipticity on the electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonances has been studied experimentally and computationally in Hanle configuration with longitudinal and transverse magnetic fields. We identify the Zeeman coherences that influence the resonance profile and study the role of coherence-transfer from excited to ground state via spontaneous emission as a function of ellipticity for the Fg=2\ensuremath→Fe=3{F}_{g}=2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=3Fg​=2\ensuremath→Fe​=3 transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb. The EIT resonance observed with the light field locked on the Fg=1\ensuremath→Fe=2{F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=2Fg​=1\ensuremath→Fe​=2 transition of 87Rb^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb is an influence of the nearby Fg=1\ensuremath→Fe=0{F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=0Fg​=1\ensuremath→Fe​=0 closed and Fg=1\ensuremath→Fe=1{F}_{g}=1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}=1Fg​=1\ensuremath→Fe​=1 open transitions. With increase in ellipticity the observed EIA and EIT resonances diminish in amplitude for a longitudinal magnetic field and are enhanced for a transverse magnetic field. We computationally account for these observations and discuss the factors that influence the EIA and EIT resonance amplitudes as a function of ellipticity and show that for a transverse field scan the ellipticity dependence of the EIA resonance amplitude can be accounted for without invoking the Doppler effect unlike for a longitudinal field scan. We also show that the maximum in the EIA resonance amplitude obtained for nonzero ellipticities with a longitudinal magnetic field depends on the closedness of the atomic system.
Abstract The influence of the closed transition on the neighboring and open transitions of the 87 Rb D 2 line, partially resolved under Doppler broadening, is studied at different ellipticities in the Hanle configuration with longitudinal and transverse magnetic field scans. We show that a sign reversal from an electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) resonance to an electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) resonance occurs with an increase in ellipticity for the transition in a transverse field scan. This transformation is not observed for a longitudinal field scan. These observations are attributed to the higher amplitude of the EIA resonance for the transition in transverse field scans for elliptical polarized light. The EIA character in the Hanle transmission profile of and transitions is enhanced (weakened) when the laser beam frequency is detuned towards (away from) the transition. We show by computation that at higher ellipticities, a transformation from an EIT to an EIA resonance for the transition occurs at low frequency shifts (towards the transition) in a transverse field scan.
Using the closed ${F}_{g}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{F}_{e}={F}_{g}+1$ D2D2D2 line transition of Rb atoms, we report experimental and numerical evidence of influence of additional transverse magnetic field when examining electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration. The effect was analyzed with two directions of additional magnetic field and in the cases of excitation with linear, elliptical, and circular laser light polarization. The transverse magnetic field brings substantial differences in the resonance line shape, amplitude, and width. Our theoretical model includes Doppler broadening. Numerical solutions of our theoretical model are in good agreement with experimental results. This analysis points out the importance of the presence of stray magnetic fields when studying EIA.
Using a 1 --> 2 transition as an analytically tractable model, we discuss in detail magneto-optical resonances of both electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) and electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) types in the Hanle configuration. The analysis is made for an arbitrary rate of depolarizing collisions in the excited state and an arbitrary elliptical field polarization. The obtained results clearly show that the main reason for the EIA subnatural resonance is the spontaneous transfer of anisotropy from the excited level to the ground level. In the EIA case we predict the negative structures in the absorption resonance at large field detuning. The role of the finite atom-light interaction time is briefly discussed. In addition we study nontrivial peculiarities of the resonance line shape related to the velocity spread in a gas.
We computationally compare Hanle-type resonances for a transition of the line for magnetic field scans parallel (longitudinal scan) and perpendicular (transverse scan) to the direction of propagation of the optical field in the presence of an additional transverse magnetic field (TMF). For a linearly polarized light, the coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances split at line centre and are identical for both longitudinal and transverse scans. When the probe beam ellipticity is varied, the effect of the TMF is found to be opposite for longitudinal and transverse scans. For a longitudinal scan, the splitting observed in the CPT resonance evolves into an enhanced absorption resonance with an increase in ellipticity. For a transverse scan, the splitting vanishes at higher ellipticities. This can be understood in terms of population redistribution in the ground state sublevels and near-neighbor ground state coherences created by the TMF. We also show that the enhanced absorption signal that splits the CPT resonance strongly depends on transit time, and the CPT resonance strength depends on the excited state dephasing rate.
The temporal evolutions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and absorption (EIA) were observed in a Hanle absorption experiment carried on the D2{D}_{2}D2​ lines of 87Rb{}^{87}\mathrm{Rb}87Rb vapor by suddenly turning the magnetic field on or off. The main features of the experimental observations are well reproduced by a theoretical model based on Bloch equation where the atomic level degeneracy has been fully accounted for. Similar (opposite phase) evolutions were observed at low optical-field intensities for Hanle-EIT or Hanle-EIA resonances. Unlike the Hanle-EIA transients that are increasingly shorter for driving field intensities approaching saturation, the $B\ensuremath{\ne}0$ transient of the Hanle-EIT signal at large driving field intensities present a long decay time approaching the atomic transit time. Such counterintuitive behavior is interpreted as a consequence of the Zeno effect.
The method for observing the high-contrast and narrow-width resonances of electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) in the Hanle configuration under counterpropagating light waves is proposed. We theoretically analyze the absorption of a probe light wave in presence of counterpropagating one with the same frequency as the function of a static magnetic field applied along the vectors of light waves, propagating in a vapour cell. Here, as an example, we study a "dark" type of atomic dipole transition Fg=1-->Fe=1 in D1 line of 87Rb, where usually the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can be observed. To obtain the EIA signal one should proper chose the polarizations of light waves and intensities. In contrast of regular schemes for observing EIA signals (in a single travelling light wave in the Hanle configuration or in a bichromatic light field consisted of two travelling waves), the proposed scheme allows one to use buffer gas to significantly enhance properties of the resonance. Also the dramatic influence of atomic transition openness on contrast of the resonance is revealed, that gives great advantage in comparison with cyclic atomic transitions. The obtained results can be interesting in high-resolution spectroscopy, nonlinear and magneto-optics.