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Journal of Lightwave Technology

Analysis of a single-mode evanescent-field-pumped dye amplifier

Walter J. Hodel, P. Anliker, Hans G. Weber

Published Sep 1, 1983• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Amplification of a light signal propagating in a single-mode fiber of passive core and active cladding (dye solution) is investigated. The active cladding region is excited by the evanescent field of a pump mode. Calculations are based on exact field expressions (weakly guiding case) and rate equations for the dye under steady-state conditions. Assuming the 'slow growth approximation' to be valid, two coupled nonlinear differential equations are derived for the powers in pump and signal modes, respectively. The influence of various fiber and dye parameters on the gain is studied. It is concluded that CW single-pass amplification by factors of up to five seem realistically achievable.

DOI
10.1109/jlt.1983.1072144

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Amplification of a light signal propagating in a single-mode fiber of passive core and active cladding (dye solution) is investigated. The active cladding region is excited by the evanescent field of a pump mode. Calculations are based on exact field expressions (weakly guiding case) and rate equations for the dye under steady-state conditions. Assuming the 'slow growth approximation' to be valid, two coupled nonlinear differential equations are derived for the powers in pump and signal modes, respectively. The influence of various fiber and dye parameters on the gain is studied. It is concluded that CW single-pass amplification by factors of up to five seem realistically achievable.
Signal amplification is analyzed in strongly pumped fiber amplifiers both for three-level and four-level transitions, including scattering loss and excited state absorption. Simple analytic expressions are derived for the signal amplification and pump attenuation, along the fiber length, when either the signal and the pump are injected at the same fiber end (forward pumping) or when they are injected at the two opposite ends (backward pumping). Numerical examples for rare-earth doped fibers show excellent agreement between the analytical solution and the exact numerical solutions of the rate-equations for practical operating conditions.
An investigation was made of a longitudinally pumped laser-single-pass dye amplifier system with a view to optimizing the total conversion efficiency. It was shown that competition between two processes–amplification of the external signal and of the spontaneous noise–determines the total efficiency of conversion of the pump into useful signal. The superfluorescence restricts the maximum gain and conversion efficiency of small external signals, as does the saturation by the signal being amplified in the case of large external signals. A quantitative analysis was made of the choice of optimal optical density of the amplifier and of the competition between two coupled waves in a nonlinearly amplifying medium.
The effect of homogeneous upconversion on the performance of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is analyzed numerically, by means of a set of rate equations model. In particular, the influence of pump power, signal power, and Er/sup 3+/ concentration on the degradation, due to upconversion, is examined. Forward pumping is considered and amplified spontaneous emission, as well as scattering loss are taken into account. In addition, approximate analytical solutions, for the rate equations, which include the effect of the cooperative upconversion, are presented. It is shown that under the considered conditions, these analytical solutions provide a good approximation to the exact numerical solution and thus may be used for the design of such amplifiers.
A theory is developed of monochromatic wave field amplification in a waveguide array based on expansion of the wave field in terms of guided array modes. The equations for the expansion coefficients include cross-modal gain, which completely changes the behavior of the amplified wave field. Analysis of the two-mode amplification reveals unusual features in its characteristics. Instead of unlimited growth of both modes for incoherent fields, one of the modes grows with no limit and suppresses the lower-power mode. Effects associated with the cross-modal gain are illustrated analytically on a system of two thin parallel planar waveguides. Conditions are found where the mode with lower gain can become the dominant one at the output of the amplifier.