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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Signal amplification in strongly pumped fiber amplifiers

Amos A. Hardy, Ram Oron

Published Mar 1, 1997• 124 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Signal amplification is analyzed in strongly pumped fiber amplifiers both for three-level and four-level transitions, including scattering loss and excited state absorption. Simple analytic expressions are derived for the signal amplification and pump attenuation, along the fiber length, when either the signal and the pump are injected at the same fiber end (forward pumping) or when they are injected at the two opposite ends (backward pumping). Numerical examples for rare-earth doped fibers show excellent agreement between the analytical solution and the exact numerical solutions of the rate-equations for practical operating conditions.

DOI
10.1109/3.555997

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Signal amplification is analyzed in strongly pumped fiber amplifiers both for three-level and four-level transitions, including scattering loss and excited state absorption. Simple analytic expressions are derived for the signal amplification and pump attenuation, along the fiber length, when either the signal and the pump are injected at the same fiber end (forward pumping) or when they are injected at the two opposite ends (backward pumping). Numerical examples for rare-earth doped fibers show excellent agreement between the analytical solution and the exact numerical solutions of the rate-equations for practical operating conditions.
Two pumping schemes are considered for optical amplifiers based on rare-earth-doped optical fibers in which pump light is fed either along with the signal light (copropagating) or through the opposite end of the fiber (counterpropagating), including the effects of the excited-state absorption (ESA) process. A rate-equation analysis shows that when ESA is absent the signal gain is the same in both pumping schemes, even under gain saturation, whereas when ESA is present the saturated signal gain is larger in the counterpropagating scheme. Independently of ESA the optical signal-to-noise ratio at the amplifier output is the same in both pumping schemes if the dopant behaves as a four-level laser system, and it is larger in the copropagating scheme for a three-level dopant.
Exact and approximate theoretical models of the small-signal single-pass gain in single-mode three-level laser fibers are presented. These models are relevant to the behavior of rare-earth-doped (in particular Er/sup 3+/) silica-based fibers. They account for the effects of both the pump and signal-mode structures and pump excited-state absorption (ESA), the latter being present for some pump wavelengths in Er-doped silica fibers. By relying on the modal overlap integral formalism for four-level lasers, relatively simple closed-form expressions for the pump absorption and the gain are derived. These expressions are also applicable to four level laser fibers by a simple adjustment of some of the model parameters.>
The effect of homogeneous upconversion on the performance of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is analyzed numerically, by means of a set of rate equations model. In particular, the influence of pump power, signal power, and Er/sup 3+/ concentration on the degradation, due to upconversion, is examined. Forward pumping is considered and amplified spontaneous emission, as well as scattering loss are taken into account. In addition, approximate analytical solutions, for the rate equations, which include the effect of the cooperative upconversion, are presented. It is shown that under the considered conditions, these analytical solutions provide a good approximation to the exact numerical solution and thus may be used for the design of such amplifiers.
"Doping a part of the optical fiber core by (Er3+ ) ions in presence of external pumping power will lead to form the erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA).The performance of this optical amplifier depends on (the power and the wavelength of the pumping laser, the power and wavelength of the input signal, amplifier length, ion concentration). These parameters will affect the characteristics of EDFA such as amplifier gain, gain saturation, noise figure and output power. However, these characteristics can be determined by solving the EDFA propagation and rate equations. The solution of these equations of two-level laser medium can be done numerically. In this paper, we are proposed a novel method to solve these equations. The reconstructed results are perfectly coincided the well known numerical results.
This paper discusses a unified method for modeling and simulating signal light amplification in rare-earth doped optical fiber amplifiers. The model accounts for gain saturation, spontaneous emission, dispersion, and nonlinear effects along the length of the distributed gain medium. Simulations based on the unified model are shown to compare favorably with experimental results. The new model can be used to provide guidance in the design and construction of a variety of fiber-based optical amplifiers. Furthermore, it is suitable for analyzing the performance of high-power amplifiers in a wide range of operating conditions.