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Microwave and Optical Technology Letters

Simultaneous observation of inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in LiNbO3 waveguides

Jian Wang, Junqiang Sun

Published Dec 18, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract We propose and demonstrate simultaneously inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides. By only use of sum‐frequency generation, inverted wavelength conversion from the signal wavelength to pump wavelength both within the 1.5‐μm band is experimentally verified. By exploiting cascaded sum‐ and difference‐frequency generation (SFG + DFG), both inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion are observed in the experiments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 295–298, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22119

DOI
10.1002/mop.22119

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Sep 11, 2006•0 citations
Abstract We propose and demonstrate simultaneously inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides. By only use of sum‐frequency generation, inverted wavelength conversion from the signal wavelength to pump wavelength both within the 1.5‐μm band is experimentally verified. By exploiting cascaded sum‐ and difference‐frequency generation (SFG + DFG), both inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion are observed in the experiments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 295–298, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22119
The principle of all-optical wavelength conversion based on the cascaded sum and difference frequency generation (SFG+DFG) in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides is introduced. The conversion efficiency of the wavelength converter is calculated. The influences of the powers and span of two pumps on the conversion efficiency are analyzed. Bandwidth of one pump wavelength is discussed. The tuning is about 0.5 nm. The signal pulse width is compressed about 0.68 times.
Based on cascaded second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation (SHG+DFG) in periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides,tunable wavelength conversion as well as single-to-dual channel wavelength conversion are proposed and experimentally investigated.A picosecond pulsed signal with 40 GHz repetition rate and 1.57 ps pulse width is adopted.The continues wave (CW) pump is provided by use of a fiber ring laser (FRL).Different from the conventional SHG+DFG-based conversion schemes,here the center wavelength of the signal is set at the quasi-phase matching (QPM) wavelength for the SHG process.By adjusting the pump wavelength,a tunable converted output idler wave is achieved.Moreover,single-to-dual channel wavelength conversion is also successfully observed by employing two pumps.
Wavelength conversion based on the cascaded sum-frequency generation and difference-frequency generation (cSFG+DFG) process in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides has the advantage of no pump occupation in the communication band, compared to the traditional cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) and DFG process. In cSFG+DFG-based wavelength conversion, two pump waves and a signal wave are required. The input pulse train, as a carrier of information, can be applied to either the signal or one of the two pump waves. Though the converted wave is in the form of pulses, its temporal and spectral characteristics are dependent on the arrangement of the pulsed wave. In this work, we target the wavelength conversion of 40-GHz picosecond pulse trains, and systematically analyze the temporal and spectral characteristics of the pump, signal, converted, and sum-frequency waves during their propagations in PPLN waveguides by using numerical simulation. In particular, pulse shapes, optical spectra, phases and conversion efficiency are compared when the picosecond pulse train is used as the signal and pump waves, respectively.
A novel wavelength conversion scheme based on cascaded sum-frequency generation (SFG) and difference-frequency generation (DFG) is proposed and demonstrated in a MgO-doped LiNbO3 quasi-phase-matched waveguide. In this scheme, two pump wavelengths are set outside the communication band. It is shown that the same conversion efficiency can be achieved by use of two pump sources with lower output power (P1, P2) in this scheme compared with the conventional cascaded wavelength conversion technique based on second-harmonic generation and DFG with a single higher-power pump beam (P = P1 + P2) that is due to the use of a larger SFG nonlinear coefficient. The results significantly influence the selection of a suitable nonlinear interaction scheme for practical applications.
The implementation of wavelength conversion around 1.55 μm in quasi-phase-matched (QPM) periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguides is mostly based on the cascaded second-harmonic generation/difference-frequency generation (SHG/DFG) process. As usual, a continuous wave (CW) and a pulsed wave are injected into a PPLN waveguide. Of them, the pulsed wave is regarded as the information carrier, and the CW is taken as the control. To transfer the information of optical codes from one wavelength to another, the codes can be applied to either the signal (CW-pumped scheme) or the pump (pulse-pumped scheme). In this work, the temporal and spectral properties of wavelength conversions during pulse propagation as well as the conversion efficiency in the two pumping schemes were compared experimentally and theoretically under different conditions of input pulse width, pump power and pump central wavelength. In the experiments, we adopted an MgO-doped PPLN waveguide, and a 40-GHz tunable picosecond-pulse source. The conversion characteristics were systematically investigated when the CW and the pulsed wave were alternatively taken as the pump at the quasi-phase-matching wavelength of the device. In the theory, we solved the coupled-mode equations and explained the physical insights for the numerical results and experimental observations. The conversion properties of the two pumping schemes were quantitatively compared. The simulated results agree well with the experimental data, and the obtained results provide some guidelines for the design and application of QPM waveguides in wavelength conversion.