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International Conference on Networks Security, Wireless Communications and Trusted Computing (NSWCTC)

Quantum Cryptographic Network Using Entanglement Swapping

Dexi Zhang, Qiuyu Zhao, Xiaoyu Li

Published Apr 1, 2010• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Traditional quantum key distribution schemes are carried out one-on-one. Both quantum and classical channels are needed between any two users. This paper presents a quantum cryptographic network based on entanglement swapping and a key manage center. People can fulfill key distribution between any two users. Only channels between manage center and users are needed while users need no communications between each other. So it can save resource effectively and it is more reliable and flexible.

DOI
10.1109/nswctc.2010.221

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Traditional quantum key distribution schemes are carried out one-on-one. Both quantum and classical channels are needed between any two users. This paper presents a quantum cryptographic network based on entanglement swapping and a key manage center. People can fulfill key distribution between any two users. Only channels between manage center and users are needed while users need no communications between each other. So it can save resource effectively and it is more reliable and flexible.
We present a protocol for quantum cryptographic network consisting of a quantum network center and many users, in which any pair of parties with members chosen from the whole users on request can secure a quantum key distribution by help of the center. The protocol is based on the quantum authentication scheme given by Barnum et al. [Proc. 43rd IEEE Symp. FOCS'02, p. 449 (2002)]. We show that exploiting the quantum authentication scheme the center can safely make two parties share nearly perfect entangled states used in the quantum key distribution. This implies that the quantum cryptographic network protocol is secure against all kinds of eavesdropping.
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In order to distribute a secret key between two designated users, a mutually authenticated quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange, the two communication parts can securely share a session key in this protocol. Almost all qubits, except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel, can produce the private key, and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring dilation theorem, and the efficiency analysis is presented.
In conventional security mechanism, security services based on symmetric key cryptography assume keys to be distributed prior to secure communications. The core function of exchanging and sharing a secret key between two endpoints are the secure key management methodology which is one of the most critical elements need to be more concerned when integrating cryptographic functions into the system. In case the key management mechanisms is weak can lead to the vulnerability holes or a potentially fatal outsider attacks as the harmful effects to the system. Since, there is still no standardized architecture or protocol that can provide cross application symmetric key management services. Therefore, this paper approaches a secure key management model and its custom protocols to build Thailand quantum trusted network with offers simultaneous quantum key distribution to multiple user overtime. Consequently, the proposed technique has also overcome the limitation of quantum point-to-point key sharing. Based on the discussion of key management security requirement, deal with generic key management concepts and designing the new custom protocols to close the possibility loopholes, to offers reliability and convenience of use, as well as to introduce a secure and efficient key management technique for quantum cryptography network in Thailand where any communication services can take place.