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Pacific-Asia Conference on Circuits, Communications and Systems

Mutually Authenticated Quantum Key Distribution Based on Entanglement Swapping

Zhihao Liu, Hanwu Chen, Wenjie Liu, Xiling Xue

Published May 1, 2009• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In order to distribute a secret key between two designated users, a mutually authenticated quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange, the two communication parts can securely share a session key in this protocol. Almost all qubits, except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel, can produce the private key, and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring dilation theorem, and the efficiency analysis is presented.

DOI
10.1109/paccs.2009.141

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In order to distribute a secret key between two designated users, a mutually authenticated quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange, the two communication parts can securely share a session key in this protocol. Almost all qubits, except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel, can produce the private key, and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring dilation theorem, and the efficiency analysis is presented.
In order to enhance the efficiency of quantum key distribution( QKD),a protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. Without classical information exchange or unitary operations,the two communication parts can securely share a session key by entanglement swapping and Bell measurement. Almost all qubits,except a few which are used to check the security of quantum channel,can produce the private key,and two pairs of entangled particles can generate two bits private key. The protocol is proved to secure using Stinespring Dilation Theorem and the efficiency analysis is presented.
Quantum cryptography is considered a solution for sharing secret information in a secure mode. Establishing a quantum security platform into an exciting system requires a package of stable processes. One of these processes is based on creating a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol or sharing a secret key. This paper presents a QKD protocol that utilizes two quantum channels to prepare a shared secret key. The first communication channel will be initiated by entanglement states, where the entangled photons will be emitted by a trusted third party. The second communication channel utilizes the superposition states that will be initiated by the one of the communicated parties. Moreover, the protocol produces a string of random qubits after verifying the communicated legitimate parties during entangled state channels. The produced string will reflect the shared secret key between the users.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) has been growing rapidly in recent years and becomes one of the hottest issues in quantum information science. During the implementation of QKD on a network, identity authentication has been one main problem. In this paper, an efficient authenticated multi-user quantum key distribution (MQKD) protocol with single particles is proposed. In this protocol, any two users on a quantum network can perform mutual authentication and share a secure session key with the assistance of a semi-honest center. Meanwhile, the particles, which are used as quantum information carriers, are not required to be stored, therefore the proposed protocol is feasible with current technology. Finally, security analysis shows that this protocol is secure in theory.
First, a mutually authenticated quantum direct communication (QDC) protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed in this paper. The protocol includes two phases, the first one for mutual identity authentication and the next for direct communication. Users Alice and Bob can identify each other by checking the correlation of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. According to basic properties of entanglement swapping, Bob just does exclusive-or operations on Alice's public bits and his measurement results to extract Alice's secret message in the direct communication phase. The authentication phase is proved to be secure, and there is no qubits transmission in the direct communication phase, so the protocol is completely secure. Furthermore, the presented QDC protocol is converted to a bidirectional one without information leakage unlike most bidirectional QDC protocols.
Authentication is one of the security services that ensures sufficient security of the system by identification and verification. Also, it assures the identity of the communicating party to be that the claimed one. To build a quantum channel between two unauthenticated to each other parties, first, a trusted authority is needed to establish a mutual authentication with each party. Using Bell measurement and entanglement swapping, we present a protocol that mutually authenticates the identity of the sender and the receiver, then constructs a quantum channel based on Bell basis. After, the sender and the receiver use the quantum channel to communicate using entanglement-assisted quantum communication protocols. Additionally, the protocol renews the shared secret key between the trusted authority and each user after each authentication process. The protocol provides the necessary authentication and key distribution to create a quantum channel between the sender and receiver.