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Quantum Authentication Protocols Based on Entanglement Swapping

Yu‐Guang Yang

Published Jan 1, 2004• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

A quantum two-party authentication protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. This protocol is extended to a multi-party authentication protocol. In the protocols, the previously shared entangled pairs by users act as the authentication keys. The authentication among the users are realized by performing entanglement swapping on the shared entangled particles and by performing the classical communication. The security of the protocols is discussed respectively.

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A quantum two-party authentication protocol based on entanglement swapping is proposed. This protocol is extended to a multi-party authentication protocol. In the protocols, the previously shared entangled pairs by users act as the authentication keys. The authentication among the users are realized by performing entanglement swapping on the shared entangled particles and by performing the classical communication. The security of the protocols is discussed respectively.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping.Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled.Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party.In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key.Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver.The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver.This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
In this paper we propose a new protocol for multiparty secret key sharing by using quantum entanglement swapping. Quantum Entanglement swapping is a process that allows two non-interacting quantum systems to be entangled. Further, to increase the security level and to make sure that the users are legitimate, authentication for both parties will be required by a trusted third party. In this protocol, a trusted third party will authenticate the sender and the receiver and help them forming a secret key. Furthermore, the proposed protocol will perform entanglement swapping between the sender and the receiver. The result from the entanglement swapping will be an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pair that will help them in forming and sending the secret key without having the sender to send any physical quantum states to the receiver. This protocol will provide the required authentication of all parties to the trusted party and it will provide the required secure method in transmitting the secret key.
Authentication is one of the security services that ensures sufficient security of the system by identification and verification. Also, it assures the identity of the communicating party to be that the claimed one. To build a quantum channel between two unauthenticated to each other parties, first, a trusted authority is needed to establish a mutual authentication with each party. Using Bell measurement and entanglement swapping, we present a protocol that mutually authenticates the identity of the sender and the receiver, then constructs a quantum channel based on Bell basis. After, the sender and the receiver use the quantum channel to communicate using entanglement-assisted quantum communication protocols. Additionally, the protocol renews the shared secret key between the trusted authority and each user after each authentication process. The protocol provides the necessary authentication and key distribution to create a quantum channel between the sender and receiver.
In this paper, an authenticated deterministic secure quantum communication protocol based on entanglement swapping is presented. The users' identity will be authenticated, and only legitimate users can anticipate the communication even though there are no quantum communication channels between them. The authentication center acts as the server of modern application system, and the users is like those clients linked with the server, then the users communicate with each other through the authentication center. The security of our protocol is analyzed to be secure against the eavesdropping attacks and the impersonation attack.
This study proposes a two-party quantum identity authentication protocol that does not require the participation of a third party. The protocol can verify the user’s identity without exposing the authentication key information, and it can be implemented with a single-photon state, which does not involve entanglement, enabling it to be combined with existing technologies. The shared key is protected by the protocol and hidden during communication, and the security of the authentication scheme is analyzed and verified under general attack. Further analysis results indicate that this protocol is secure and efficient.