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Journal of Modern Optics

Enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity atλ= 1550 nm in an Er3+-doped optical fiber

Hossein Ghaforyan, Hamid Reza Hamedi, Ali Khaledi‐Nasab, Hossein Jafarzadeh, Seyyed Hossein Asadpour, Seyyed Mostafa Hoseini, Mostafa Sahrai

Published May 1, 2013• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The Kerr nonlinearity behavior in an Er3+-doped ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF optical fiber is investigated theoretically. It is found that by increasing the intensity of the coherent coupling field and in the presence of an incoherent pumping field, the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with reduced absorption can be achieved at long wavelength, i.e. λ = 1550 nm, which is practical for communicational applications. In addition, it is found that the rate of incoherent pump field can significantly decrease the maximal Kerr nonlinearity of the medium. The impact of frequency detuning of the coherent field on linear and nonlinear susceptibilities is discussed.

DOI
10.1080/09500340.2013.803620

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The Kerr nonlinearity behavior in an Er3+-doped ZrF4–BaF2–LaF3–AlF3–NaF optical fiber is investigated theoretically. It is found that by increasing the intensity of the coherent coupling field and in the presence of an incoherent pumping field, the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with reduced absorption can be achieved at long wavelength, i.e. λ = 1550 nm, which is practical for communicational applications. In addition, it is found that the rate of incoherent pump field can significantly decrease the maximal Kerr nonlinearity of the medium. The impact of frequency detuning of the coherent field on linear and nonlinear susceptibilities is discussed.
Results of study of nonlinear processes occurring during the propagation of light pulses in optical fibers doped with atoms of rare-earth elements under conditions of atomic coherence and interference are presented. For a three-level Λ scheme of interaction, the linear (χ (1) ) and nonlinear (χ (3) ) susceptibilities of such a medium are calculated. It is shown that the coefficients of Kerr nonlinearity and nonlinear absorption can reach extremely large values and can be negative. The competition between linear and nonlinear processes in the Λ scheme allows one to obtain compensation regimes when the coefficients of dispersion or absorption of the optical fiber material vanish. The efficient control of the optical properties of such a system over wide limits proves to be possible owing to variations in the parameters of light pulses at the input of the medium. The necessary conditions for realizing regimes with “slow” light, as well as for self-compression of a probing pulse on ultimately small spatial scales in a doped optical fiber, were obtained.
The effect of quantum interference from incoherent pump field on the Kerr nonlinearity of V- and Lambda-type three-level systems is investigated. It is found that enhanced Kerr nonlinearity can be obtained via quantum interference of incoherent pump field. It is also demonstrated that the enhanced Kerr nonlinearity is located in the reduced-absorption region. The enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity is attributed mainly to the presence of extra atomic coherence induced by quantum interference from incoherent pump field.
Abstract: A theoretical investigation is carried out into the impact of incoherent pumping fields and quantum interference induced by incoherent pumping fields on the Kerr nonlinearity in a three-level asymmetric semiconductor quantum well system. It is found that Kerr nonlinearity is so sensitive to the rate of incoherent pumping fields, but insensitive to the quantum interference induced by incoherent pumping fields. In addition, it is demonstrated that an enhanced Kerr nonlinearity with reduced absorption can be achieved just via the strength of Fano- type interference and without applying any coherent laser field. The obtained results are very different from the conventional schemes which coherent coupling fields are used to control the Kerr nonlinearity. This advantages make our electronic medium much more practical than its atomic counterpart due to its flexible design and the controllable interference strength.
Optical bistability derived from the negative nonlinear absorption effect was investigated in 470 ppm erbium-doped fibers using a 1.5 µm laser diode. Optical bistability was observed in a laser intensity range of 0.3 W/cm2 to 2.5 kW/cm2 at a fiber length of 6 m. The transmitted laser intensity (I out), propagating through the fiber, decreased exponentially in accordance with the well-known exponential law. However, the amplitude of the optical bistability (ΔI out) increased logarithmically as the fiber length was increased. It was clarified that ΔI out was proportional to the product of exp (-L) and log (L) as a function of the fiber length (L). The optical bistability can be explained by considering an enhanced absorption model for a four-level system of the Er3+ ion.
In this paper, we propose a new pumping scheme—a dual-frequency laser-pumped cascade structure of Er3+-doped optical fiber based on the theory of coherent population oscillation. While realizing slow light transmission, the loss of output signal light power is reduced. Using numerical simulation, we compare the effects of a single fiber without pumping, a 980 nm single pumping single fiber, and a dual-frequency laser-pumped cascade structure of Er3+-doped optical fiber on signal light intensity loss coefficient τ and maximum time delay with the increase of input signal light power. The results show that the signal light intensity loss coefficient τ of the three structures decreases gradually with the increase of input signal light power. However, the transmission of lower signal light intensity loss coefficient τ=0.0823 and a larger time delay of 0.15 ms can be obtained under the dual-frequency laser-pumped cascade structure of Er3+-doped optical fiber. On the basis of the dual-frequency laser-pumped cascade structure of Er3+-doped optical fiber, the signal light intensity loss coefficient τ decreases gradually with the increase of pump ratio M (M=P1480∶P980) and the decrease of length ratio N (N=L2∶L1; L1 and L2 represent the length of the first and second cascaded optical fibers, respectively). Moreover, we compare the effects of ion density of the Er3+-doped optical fiber on the time delay of three structures. The dual-frequency laser-pumped cascade structure of Er3+-doped optical fiber can provide a larger time delay and smaller signal light intensity loss coefficient τ at low ion density of the Er3+-doped optical fiber.