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Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics

Pulling of the frequency of a narrow resonance in an interferometer with a nonlinearly absorbing medium

E. N. Bazarov, G A Gerasimov, V. P. Gubin, S. Yu. Otrokhov, Nikolay I. Starostin, V V Fomin

Published Sep 30, 1990• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Theoretical and experimental investigations are reported of the shifts due to the pulling of a reference resonance in an external interferometer with a nonlinear absorber. It is shown that for a fixed interferometer length its tuning relative to the transition frequency results in a large additional shift and asymmetry of a resonance because of a correction due to saturated dispersion of the medium. The shifts are considered for the pulling in a system with noninstantaneous and instantaneous locking of an interferometer mode to the radiation frequency.

DOI
10.1070/qe1990v020n09abeh007426

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Theoretical and experimental investigations are reported of the shifts due to the pulling of a reference resonance in an external interferometer with a nonlinear absorber. It is shown that for a fixed interferometer length its tuning relative to the transition frequency results in a large additional shift and asymmetry of a resonance because of a correction due to saturated dispersion of the medium. The shifts are considered for the pulling in a system with noninstantaneous and instantaneous locking of an interferometer mode to the radiation frequency.
A theoretical investigation is reported of the influence of self-focusing of Gaussian beams on the profile of a saturated absorption resonance in laser frequency standards. An analysis is made of systems with an external nonlinearly absorbing cell and an external interferometer containing a nonlinear absorber. Analytic relationships for the profile of an asymmetric resonance and a shift of its maximum in the course of local and integral photodetection of an optical beam are derived on the assumption of weak absorption and saturation.
An expression is obtained for the nonlinear susceptibility governing the addition of frequencies under resonance conditions. Allowance is made for the Stark shift, changes in populations, and transient response of the medium. Analysis is made of the stimulated emission of the third harmonic as a result of two-photon resonance in parallel and focused beams. It is shown that the saturation effect limits seriously the conversion coefficient of a nonlinear medium of fixed length. Optimal intensities of the fundamental-frequency radiation are found. It is shown that when a beam is focused sharply in a nonlinear medium, the saturation effect and Stark shift make it possible to add frequencies in media with normal dispersion. The relationship between four-photon parametric effects and coherent resonant processes such as self-induced transparency is established for ultrashort pulses.
The behaviour of the amplitude of a saturated absorption resonance observed in laser radiation propagated through an active interferometer with nonlinear amplifying and absorbing media is studied experimentally for the first time. Upon variation of the gain in the amplifying medium and preserving a constant saturating field in the interferometer, a nonlinear increase in the amplitude of the saturated absorption resonance was observed. In this case, an increase in the detected signal exceeded an increase in the noise, i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio also increased.
The shape of the transmission band of an active interferometer, a resonator with amplification and absorption cells excited by an external signal, is studied. Upon tuning the external signal frequency, the narrow saturated absorption resonances can be observed in the transmission band of the interferometer. It is shown that, by varying the gain, the resonance absorption amplitude can be compensated for one order of smallness in pressure. The effect of amplitude and frequency noises of the external signal on the results obtained is studied.
Summary form only given. Results are presented of theoretical studies into the resonances of the saturated absorption and saturated dispersion in an external absorption cell. The theory has been worked out by means of combining methods of mathematical theory of diffraction and quantum mechanical method for computing the polarization of active media. This made it possible for the first time to find a self-consisting spatial solution of the density matrix equation for the two-level system and the Helmholtz equation for electromagnetic field and to solve the problem of propagation of two counterpropagating monochromatic waves though an absorbing nonlinear medium taking into consideration the transverse transit-time effect.