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Optics and Spectroscopy

Narrow saturated absorption resonances in the transmission band of an active interferometer

Sergei N Bagaev, A. A. Kurbatov, Е. А. Титов

Published Jan 1, 2000• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The shape of the transmission band of an active interferometer, a resonator with amplification and absorption cells excited by an external signal, is studied. Upon tuning the external signal frequency, the narrow saturated absorption resonances can be observed in the transmission band of the interferometer. It is shown that, by varying the gain, the resonance absorption amplitude can be compensated for one order of smallness in pressure. The effect of amplitude and frequency noises of the external signal on the results obtained is studied.

DOI
10.1134/1.626759

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The shape of the transmission band of an active interferometer, a resonator with amplification and absorption cells excited by an external signal, is studied. Upon tuning the external signal frequency, the narrow saturated absorption resonances can be observed in the transmission band of the interferometer. It is shown that, by varying the gain, the resonance absorption amplitude can be compensated for one order of smallness in pressure. The effect of amplitude and frequency noises of the external signal on the results obtained is studied.
The behaviour of the amplitude of a saturated absorption resonance observed in laser radiation propagated through an active interferometer with nonlinear amplifying and absorbing media is studied experimentally for the first time. Upon variation of the gain in the amplifying medium and preserving a constant saturating field in the interferometer, a nonlinear increase in the amplitude of the saturated absorption resonance was observed. In this case, an increase in the detected signal exceeded an increase in the noise, i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio also increased.
A theoretical investigation is reported of the influence of self-focusing of Gaussian beams on the profile of a saturated absorption resonance in laser frequency standards. An analysis is made of systems with an external nonlinearly absorbing cell and an external interferometer containing a nonlinear absorber. Analytic relationships for the profile of an asymmetric resonance and a shift of its maximum in the course of local and integral photodetection of an optical beam are derived on the assumption of weak absorption and saturation.
The problem of regimes of an active interferometer—a cavity with an amplification cell, excited by an external signal—is solved for the case in which the frequency of the cavity is modulated. If the modulation frequency is larger than the phase-matching bandwidth, upon tuning the cavity frequency, there are ranges of detuning where the mean beat frequency is constant and proportional to the modulation frequency, and peaks of width proportional to the phase-matching bandwidth arise in the output power in these detuning ranges.
A theoretical analysis is made of the conditions which a resonantly excited medium must have to act as a wavefront-reversing mirror. In the absence of saturation by the incident signal, the absorption cross section at the frequency of this signal should be considerably less than at the reversed-wave frequency. In the case of strong saturation it is preferable to use substances with narrow spectral lines. If a wavefrontreversing mirror is used to compensate distortions of the front of a wave during amplification, the necessary contrast of the reversed wave is a function of the gain and of the width of its profile.
Within the framework of the classical model, which describes electrons as damped harmonic oscillators in an external electromagnetic field, expressions for the absorption and dispersion coefficients in the second order of smallness in the saturation parameter are found for a uniformly broadened line at a low concentration of oscillators, when the amplitude of the field produced by neighboring electrons is significantly less amplitude of the external field. It is shown that with increasing saturation parameter, the shape of the dispersion resonance becomes asymmetric, that at small saturation parameter leads to its linear shift to the "red" region. At the same time, as the saturation parameter increases, the dispersion resonance broadens (increases the interval between the maximum and minimum of the dispersion curve) and, in addition, there is a relative increase in the low-frequency amplitude compared to the high-frequency one. As for the shape of the absorption line, just as for the dispersion resonance, as saturation parameter increases, an asymmetry of the line shape appears which is accompanied by a shift to the "red" region. Because the low-frequency wing of the absorption line shifts toward the resonance center faster than the high-frequency wing moves away from the center, a narrowing of the resonance from the saturation parameter is observed. The dependence of this narrowing is nonlinear. In this case, the maximum of the absorption resonance linearly shifts to the "blue" region at the same speed as the dispersion line shifts to the "red" one.