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Optics and Spectroscopy

An active interferometer in the regime of frequency modulation

A. A. Kurbatov, Е. А. Титов

Published Mar 1, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The problem of regimes of an active interferometer—a cavity with an amplification cell, excited by an external signal—is solved for the case in which the frequency of the cavity is modulated. If the modulation frequency is larger than the phase-matching bandwidth, upon tuning the cavity frequency, there are ranges of detuning where the mean beat frequency is constant and proportional to the modulation frequency, and peaks of width proportional to the phase-matching bandwidth arise in the output power in these detuning ranges.

DOI
10.1134/1.1890528

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The problem of regimes of an active interferometer—a cavity with an amplification cell, excited by an external signal—is solved for the case in which the frequency of the cavity is modulated. If the modulation frequency is larger than the phase-matching bandwidth, upon tuning the cavity frequency, there are ranges of detuning where the mean beat frequency is constant and proportional to the modulation frequency, and peaks of width proportional to the phase-matching bandwidth arise in the output power in these detuning ranges.
The shape of the transmission band of an active interferometer, a resonator with amplification and absorption cells excited by an external signal, is studied. Upon tuning the external signal frequency, the narrow saturated absorption resonances can be observed in the transmission band of the interferometer. It is shown that, by varying the gain, the resonance absorption amplitude can be compensated for one order of smallness in pressure. The effect of amplitude and frequency noises of the external signal on the results obtained is studied.
An investigation is reported of the influence of quantum noise of amplifying and absorbing media in an active interferometer, excited by an external signal, on its output characteristics. The amplitude and the frequency of the external signal are assumed to be constant. A quantum description of the radiation emitted by an active interferometer is provided by a method involving the use of coherent states. A quantum kinetic equation is derived for the distribution function of the amplitude and phase of the field in an active interferometer and the corresponding diffusion coefficients are found. The variances of fluctuations of the energy of the field and its phase, and also the spectral densities of the fluctuations, are calculated.
The shot-noise limited peak sensitivity of cavity-enhanced interferometric measurement devices, such as gravitational-wave detectors, can be improved by increasing the cavity finesse, even when comparing fixed intracavity light powers. For a fixed light power inside the detector, this comes at the price of a proportional reduction in the detection bandwidth. High sensitivity over a large span of signal frequencies, however, is essential for astronomical observations. It is possible to overcome this standard sensitivity-bandwidth limit using nonclassical correlations in the light field. Here, we investigate the internal squeezing approach, where the parametric amplification process creates a nonclassical correlation directly inside the interferometer cavity. We theoretically analyze the limits of the approach and measure 36% increase in the sensitivity-bandwidth product compared to the classical case. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of an improvement in the sensitivity-bandwidth product using internal squeezing, opening the way for a new class of optomechanical force sensing devices.
The behaviour of the amplitude of a saturated absorption resonance observed in laser radiation propagated through an active interferometer with nonlinear amplifying and absorbing media is studied experimentally for the first time. Upon variation of the gain in the amplifying medium and preserving a constant saturating field in the interferometer, a nonlinear increase in the amplitude of the saturated absorption resonance was observed. In this case, an increase in the detected signal exceeded an increase in the noise, i.e., the signal-to-noise ratio also increased.
In this paper, the scheme of a force sensor is proposed which has been composed of a hybrid optomechanical cavity containing an interacting cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) where the sss-wave scattering frequency of the BEC atoms as well as the spring coefficient of the cavity moving end-mirror (the mechanical oscillator) are parametrically modulated. It is shown that, in the red-detuned regime and under the so-called impedance-matching condition, the mechanical response of the system to the input signal is enhanced substantially which leads to the amplification of the weak input signal while the added noise of measurement (backaction noise) can be suppressed and lowered much below the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, because of its large mechanical gain, such a modulated hybrid system is a much better amplifier in comparison to the (modulated) bare optomechanical system which can generate a stronger output signal while keeping the sensitivity nearly the same as that of the (modulated) bare one. The other advantages of the presented nonlinear hybrid system accompanied with the mechanical and atomic modulations in comparison to the bare optomechanical cavities are its controllability as well as the extension of the amplification bandwidth.