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arXiv:1902.05125 · Physical Review A

Force sensing in hybrid Bose-Einstein-condensate optomechanics based on parametric amplification

Ali Motazedifard, Ali Dalafi, F. Bemani, M. H. Naderi

Published Aug 12, 2019• 71 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

In this paper, the scheme of a force sensor is proposed which has been composed of a hybrid optomechanical cavity containing an interacting cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) where the $s$-wave scattering frequency of the BEC atoms as well as the spring coefficient of the cavity moving end-mirror (the mechanical oscillator) are parametrically modulated. It is shown that, in the red-detuned regime and under the so-called impedance-matching condition, the mechanical response of the system to the input signal is enhanced substantially which leads to the amplification of the weak input signal while the added noise of measurement (backaction noise) can be suppressed and lowered much below the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, because of its large mechanical gain, such a modulated hybrid system is a much better amplifier in comparison to the (modulated) bare optomechanical system which can generate a stronger output signal while keeping the sensitivity nearly the same as that of the (modulated) bare one. The other advantages of the presented nonlinear hybrid system accompanied with the mechanical and atomic modulations in comparison to the bare optomechanical cavities are its controllability as well as the extension of the amplification bandwidth.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.100.023815

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In this paper, the scheme of a force sensor is proposed which has been composed of a hybrid optomechanical cavity containing an interacting cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) where the sss-wave scattering frequency of the BEC atoms as well as the spring coefficient of the cavity moving end-mirror (the mechanical oscillator) are parametrically modulated. It is shown that, in the red-detuned regime and under the so-called impedance-matching condition, the mechanical response of the system to the input signal is enhanced substantially which leads to the amplification of the weak input signal while the added noise of measurement (backaction noise) can be suppressed and lowered much below the standard quantum limit. Furthermore, because of its large mechanical gain, such a modulated hybrid system is a much better amplifier in comparison to the (modulated) bare optomechanical system which can generate a stronger output signal while keeping the sensitivity nearly the same as that of the (modulated) bare one. The other advantages of the presented nonlinear hybrid system accompanied with the mechanical and atomic modulations in comparison to the bare optomechanical cavities are its controllability as well as the extension of the amplification bandwidth.
The weak force sensing based on a coherent quantum noise cancellation (CQNC) scheme is presented in a hybrid cavity optomechanical system containing a trapped ensemble of ultracold atoms and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). In the proposed system, the back-action noise can be completely eliminated at all frequencies and through the proper choice of the OPA parameters, and the noise spectral density can also be reduced at lower frequencies. This leads to a significant enhancement in the sensitivity of the cavity optomechanical weak force sensor, and the noise spectral density also surpasses the standard quantum limit (SQL) even for the small input power at the lower detection frequency. Furthermore, the experimental feasibility of this scheme is also briefly discussed. This study can be used for the realization of a force sensor based on hybrid cavity optomechanical systems and for the coherent quantum control in macroscopic systems.
Quantum control techniques applied at macroscopic scales provide us with opportunities in fundamental physics and practical applications. Among them, measurement-based feedback allows efficient control of optomechanical systems and quantum-enhanced sensing. In this paper, we propose a near-resonant narrow-band force sensor with extremely low optically added noise in a membrane in the middle optomechanical system subject to a feedback-controlled in-loop light. The membrane's intrinsic motion consisting of zero-point motion and thermal motion is affected by the added noise of measurement due to the backaction noise and imprecision noise. We show that, in the optimal low-noise regime, the system is analogous to an optomechanical system containing a near quantum-limited optical parametric amplifier coupled to an engineered reservoir interacting with the cavity. Therefore, the feedback loop enhances the mechanical response of the system to the input while keeping the optically added noise of measurement below the standard quantum limit. Moreover, the system based on feedback offers a much larger amplification bandwidth than the same system with no feedback. Without the need to hybridize it with other quantum systems or introduce nonlinearities, our force sensor may have broad applications ranging from biology and medicine to gravitational wave detection and tests of fundamental physics.
We investigate the reduction of measurement-added noise in force sensing by analyzing its power spectral density (PSD) within a hybrid optomechanical system. The setup is comprised of an optomechanical cavity equipped with a movable mirror which acts as the mechanical oscillator, a stationary semi-transparent mirror, a superconducting qubit, and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). By utilizing the concept of coherent quantum noise cancellation (CQNC), we derive the conditions necessary for complete cancellation of back-action force, thereby enhancing force sensitivity. Furthermore, with the gradual increase in the OPA pump gains, we suppress the sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) at a lower value of laser power. The removal of back-action noise, along with the reduction of shot noise, improves force detection capabilities, thereby surpassing the standard quantum limit associated with weak force detection.
We investigate the reduction of measurement-added noise in force sensing by analyzing its power spectral density (PSD) within a hybrid optomechanical system. The setup comprises of an optomechanical cavity equipped with a movable mirror which acts as the mechanical oscillator, a stationary semi-transparent mirror, a superconducting qubit, and an optical parametric amplifier (OPA). By utilizing the concept of coherent quantum noise cancellation (CQNC), we derive the conditions necessary for complete cancellation of back-action force, thereby enhancing force sensitivity. Furthermore, with the gradual increase in the OPA pump gains, we suppress the sensitivity beyond the standard quantum limit (SQL) at a lower value of laser power. The removal of back-action noise, along with the reduction of shot noise, improves force detection capabilities, thereby surpassing the standard quantum limit associated with weak force detection.
We theoretically investigate the four-wave mixing (FWM) process based on hybrid optomechanical systems consisting of a cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), trapped inside an optical cavity with a moving endmirror.We can use a strong control field driving the cavity to control the bistable behavior of the steady-state photon number, the phonon number of the collective oscillation of the BEC and the phonon number of the mechanical resonator.Furthermore, we show how optomechanically induced transparency (OMIT) in the hybrid optomechanical systems can be used to control the four-wave mixing and enhance the intensity of the four-wave mixing.The calculated results show that the effect of the four-wave mixing can be controlled effectively by the pump strength, the frequency difference between the BEC and the moving end mirror, cavity decay rate, and effective coupling strength of the optical field with the moving mirror.Finally, the number peak of FWM can be controlled by modulating the frequency difference between the BEC and the moving end mirror and effective coupling strength of the optical field with the moving mirror.
Cavity-optomechanics, a rapidly developing area of research, has made a remarkable progress. A stunning manifestation of optomechanical phenomena is in exploiting the mechanical effects of light to couple the optical degree of freedom with mechanical degree of freedom. In this report, we investigate the controlled bistable dynamics of such hybrid optomechanical system composed of cigar-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) trapped inside high-finesse optical cavity with one moving-end mirror and is driven by a single mode optical field. The numerical results provide evidence for controlled optical bistability in optomechanics using transverse optical field which directly interacts with atoms causing the coupling of transverse field with momentum side modes, exited by intra-cavity field. This technique of transverse field coupling is also used to control bistable dynamics of both moving-end mirror and BEC. The report provides an understanding of temporal dynamics of moving-end mirror and BEC with respect to transverse field. Moreover, dependence of effective potential of the system on transverse field has also been discussed. To observe this phenomena in laboratory, we have suggested a certain set of experimental parameters. These findings provide a platform to investigate the tunable behavior of novel phenomenon like electromagnetically induced transparency and entanglement in hybrid systems.