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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics Letters

Interference effects in the emission spectra of quantum dots in high-quality cavities

Leonid V. Keldysh, V. D. Kulakovskiĭ, Stephan Reitzenstein, M. N. Makhonin, A. Forchel

Published Jan 1, 2007• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have investigated theoretically and experimentally the emission of (quantum dot-cavity) systems for different coupling strength and a wide range of exciton-photon mode detunings controlled by temperature variation in the range 10–45 K. Under close to resonance conditions, the radiation spectrum from the cavity emission becomes essentially dependent on the primary excitation path, which can be either via resonant quantum-dot exciton or via cavity mode. Particularly, in the case of nonresonant cavity mode excitation, the emission line becomes split into two asymmetric lines already in the weak coupling regime.

DOI
10.1134/s0021364006210053

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We have investigated theoretically and experimentally the emission of (quantum dot-cavity) systems for different coupling strength and a wide range of exciton-photon mode detunings controlled by temperature variation in the range 10–45 K. Under close to resonance conditions, the radiation spectrum from the cavity emission becomes essentially dependent on the primary excitation path, which can be either via resonant quantum-dot exciton or via cavity mode. Particularly, in the case of nonresonant cavity mode excitation, the emission line becomes split into two asymmetric lines already in the weak coupling regime.
We present detuning-dependent spectral and decay-rate measurements to study the difference between the spectral and dynamical properties of single quantum dots embedded in micropillar and photonic crystal cavities. For the micropillar cavity, the dynamics is well described by the dissipative Jaynes–Cummings model, whereas systematic deviations are observed for the emission spectra. The discrepancy for the spectra is attributed to the coupling of other exciton lines to the cavity and interference of different propagation paths toward the detector of the fields emitted by the quantum dot. In contrast, quantitative information about the system can readily be extracted from the dynamical measurements. In the case of photonic crystal cavities, we observe an anti-crossing in the spectra when detuning a single quantum dot through resonance, which is the spectral signature of a strong coupling. However, time-resolved measurements reveal that the actual coupling strength is significantly smaller than anticipated from the spectral measurements and that the quantum dot is rather weakly coupled to the cavity. We suggest that the observed Rabi splitting is due to cavity feeding by other quantum dots and/or multi-exciton complexes giving rise to collective emission effects.
We present detuning-dependent spectral and decay-rate measurements to study the difference between the spectral and dynamical properties of single quantum dots embedded in micropillar and photonic crystal cavities. For the micropillar cavity, the dynamics is well described by the dissipative Jaynes–Cummings model, whereas systematic deviations are observed for the emission spectra. The discrepancy for the spectra is attributed to the coupling of other exciton lines to the cavity and interference of different propagation paths toward the detector of the fields emitted by the quantum dot. In contrast, quantitative information about the system can readily be extracted from the dynamical measurements. In the case of photonic crystal cavities, we observe an anti-crossing in the spectra when detuning a single quantum dot through resonance, which is the spectral signature of a strong coupling. However, time-resolved measurements reveal that the actual coupling strength is significantly smaller than anticipated from the spectral measurements and that the quantum dot is rather weakly coupled to the cavity. We suggest that the observed Rabi splitting is due to cavity feeding by other quantum dots and/or multi-exciton complexes giving rise to collective emission effects.
The spontaneous emission spectrum from two quantum dots (QDs) that are strongly coupled with a single-mode nanocavity is investigated using rigorous numerical calculations and simple analytical solutions of quantum dynamics. The emission spectra both from the side and along the axis of the cavity are considered. Modification of two parameters, the coupling strength and the detuning between the transition frequencies of the two quantum dots, allows us to efficiently control the shape of the spontaneous emission spectrum. Different profiles and their physical origins can be well understood in the dressed-state picture for the light—QD interaction in the on-resonance and off-resonance situations. In the on-resonance situation, the emission spectra exhibit symmetric features, and they are not altered by the asymmetry in the coupling parameters. The axis spectra show two emission peaks while the side spectra have three emission peaks. In the off-resonance situation, the emission spectra always show an asymmetrical three-peak feature. When the two QDs have different decay parameters, singular features (a peak or a dip) can take place at the frequency of the cavity mode, and this is attributed to the unbalanced process of the emission and absorption of a single photon.
We theoretically discuss spontaneous emission properties of a quantum dot embedded in an ultrahigh-QQQ microcavity, where a detuning between an excitation in the quantum dot and the cavity mode is taken into account. Both weak- and strong-coupling states are obtained under the ultrahigh-QQQ condition. In the high-QQQ weak-coupling case, the spontaneous emission spectrum shows a sharp dip, whose origin is a quantum interference. In the strong-coupling case, there is a region where both the Rabi splitting and the quantum interference contribute on an equal footing, referred to as a crossover region, where the spontaneous emission spectral shape is quite similar to that of the high-QQQ weak-coupling state. The quantum interference is robust against the detuning.
A quantum dot strongly coupled to a photonic crystal has been recently proposed as a source of entangled photon pairs [R. Johne et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 240404 (2008)]. The biexction decay via intermediate polariton states can be used to overcome the natural splitting between the exciton states coupled to the horizontally and vertically polarized light modes so that high degrees of entanglement can be expected. We investigate theoretically the features of realistic dot-cavity systems, including the effect of the different oscillator strength of excitons resonances coupled to the different polarizations of light. We show that in this case, an independent adjustment of the cavity resonances is needed in order to keep a high entanglement degree. We also consider the case when the biexciton-exciton transition is also strongly coupled to a cavity mode. We show that a very fast emission rate can be achieved allowing the repetition rates close to the terahertz range. Such fast emission should however be paid for by a very complex tuning of the many strongly coupled resonances involved and by a loss of quantum efficiency. Altogether a strongly coupled dot-cavity system seems to be very promising as a source of entangled photon pairs.
Abstract In this paper, the properties of emission spectra of dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots were studied. The effects of the cavity incoherent pump rate on the emission spectra of the system are discussed. We found that the incoherent pump rate can enhance the fluorescence emission in dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots and the result can be confirmed in experiment. In addition, the effects of the coupling strengths between quantum dot and cavity field, and between the two cavities on the emission spectra of the system also are discussed. Our results show that in the case of no matter resonance or off-resonance, the triple peaks should occur in theory when the single-mode cavity coupled with a double-level system is affected by external coherent fields and we also demonstrate that the Rabi splitting increases with the coupling strengths between quantum dot and cavity field or between the two cavities increase.