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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Emission spectrum in dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots

Yang Zhang, Shuchen Lü

Published Apr 25, 2019• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, the properties of emission spectra of dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots were studied. The effects of the cavity incoherent pump rate on the emission spectra of the system are discussed. We found that the incoherent pump rate can enhance the fluorescence emission in dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots and the result can be confirmed in experiment. In addition, the effects of the coupling strengths between quantum dot and cavity field, and between the two cavities on the emission spectra of the system also are discussed. Our results show that in the case of no matter resonance or off-resonance, the triple peaks should occur in theory when the single-mode cavity coupled with a double-level system is affected by external coherent fields and we also demonstrate that the Rabi splitting increases with the coupling strengths between quantum dot and cavity field or between the two cavities increase.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/ab1c7e

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Abstract In this paper, the properties of emission spectra of dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots were studied. The effects of the cavity incoherent pump rate on the emission spectra of the system are discussed. We found that the incoherent pump rate can enhance the fluorescence emission in dissipative cavities coupled with quantum dots and the result can be confirmed in experiment. In addition, the effects of the coupling strengths between quantum dot and cavity field, and between the two cavities on the emission spectra of the system also are discussed. Our results show that in the case of no matter resonance or off-resonance, the triple peaks should occur in theory when the single-mode cavity coupled with a double-level system is affected by external coherent fields and we also demonstrate that the Rabi splitting increases with the coupling strengths between quantum dot and cavity field or between the two cavities increase.
We present detuning-dependent spectral and decay-rate measurements to study the difference between the spectral and dynamical properties of single quantum dots embedded in micropillar and photonic crystal cavities. For the micropillar cavity, the dynamics is well described by the dissipative Jaynes–Cummings model, whereas systematic deviations are observed for the emission spectra. The discrepancy for the spectra is attributed to the coupling of other exciton lines to the cavity and interference of different propagation paths toward the detector of the fields emitted by the quantum dot. In contrast, quantitative information about the system can readily be extracted from the dynamical measurements. In the case of photonic crystal cavities, we observe an anti-crossing in the spectra when detuning a single quantum dot through resonance, which is the spectral signature of a strong coupling. However, time-resolved measurements reveal that the actual coupling strength is significantly smaller than anticipated from the spectral measurements and that the quantum dot is rather weakly coupled to the cavity. We suggest that the observed Rabi splitting is due to cavity feeding by other quantum dots and/or multi-exciton complexes giving rise to collective emission effects.
We present detuning-dependent spectral and decay-rate measurements to study the difference between the spectral and dynamical properties of single quantum dots embedded in micropillar and photonic crystal cavities. For the micropillar cavity, the dynamics is well described by the dissipative Jaynes–Cummings model, whereas systematic deviations are observed for the emission spectra. The discrepancy for the spectra is attributed to the coupling of other exciton lines to the cavity and interference of different propagation paths toward the detector of the fields emitted by the quantum dot. In contrast, quantitative information about the system can readily be extracted from the dynamical measurements. In the case of photonic crystal cavities, we observe an anti-crossing in the spectra when detuning a single quantum dot through resonance, which is the spectral signature of a strong coupling. However, time-resolved measurements reveal that the actual coupling strength is significantly smaller than anticipated from the spectral measurements and that the quantum dot is rather weakly coupled to the cavity. We suggest that the observed Rabi splitting is due to cavity feeding by other quantum dots and/or multi-exciton complexes giving rise to collective emission effects.
Quantum optics provides a fundamental framework for understanding the interaction between light and matter at the quantum level. Recently, it has been shown that under incoherent pumping, the resonance fluorescence spectrum dramatically changes. Engineering the resonance fluorescence spectrum paves the way towards solid-state-based single-photon sources. In this paper, we start by reviewing and reproducing some of the results concerning the resonance fluorescence spectrum, single-photon sources, dressed-state lasers, and luminescence spectrum of a quantum dot in a microcavity. Photon correlations in quantum optical systems and spectral properties of radiation emitted by atomic and semiconductor systems interacting with external fields are investigated. The well known Mollow triplet structure of the emission spectrum is discussed, together with the role of dressed states in explaining the origin of the three spectral peaks. Furthermore, the luminescence spectra of quantum emitters coupled to microcavities are reviewed. The numerical results presented here contribute to the theoretical understanding of resonance fluorescence, photon correlations, and engineered emission in quantum optical systems. These studies highlight the rich physical properties arising from light matter interaction at the quantum level and demonstrate their relevance for emerging quantum technologies.
Summary form only given. The interaction strength of light and matter can be greatly influenced by altering the environment of the emitters and the electric field. In a photonic cavity the emitter-field coupling strength may become sufficiently large that the emitters and the field can exchange an excitation multiple times before it decays, giving rise to Rabi oscillations. In a passive cavity with one (several) two-level emitter(s), this manifests itself as a (collective) Rabi splitting of the transmissions spectrum [1-3], and it has recently been shown that incoherently pumped single emitters in cavities may exhibit Rabi splitting of the emission spectrum at large coupling strengths [4,5]. We present a fully analytical model describing a large collection of incoherently pumped two-level emitters in a single-mode cavity (e.g. quantum dots in a nano-cavity) and show that collective Rabi splitting of the emission spectrum can occur in these systems as well [6]. We derive a condition in terms of system parameters for the splitting to occur, and show that this is different from the condition typically associated with strong emitter-field coupling. Moreover, we show that the collective Rabi splitting decreases with increasing pump rate P, giving a transition from the strong-coupling regime to the weak-coupling regime, and possibly lasing at large P (Fig. 1(a)).
We have investigated theoretically and experimentally the emission of (quantum dot-cavity) systems for different coupling strength and a wide range of exciton-photon mode detunings controlled by temperature variation in the range 10–45 K. Under close to resonance conditions, the radiation spectrum from the cavity emission becomes essentially dependent on the primary excitation path, which can be either via resonant quantum-dot exciton or via cavity mode. Particularly, in the case of nonresonant cavity mode excitation, the emission line becomes split into two asymmetric lines already in the weak coupling regime.
The quantum dot-cavity system was investigated using a quantum master equation that took incoherent pumping,stimulated emission and pure dephasing into consideration,and analytical emission spectra at cavity and dot were presented.The theoretical analysis results show that the pure dephasing shifts the emission intensity towards the cavity frequency in non-resonant coupling system and thus can be a very good explanation of the non-resonantly coupled cavity effective emission effect.In order to further study the application of pure dephasing in the quantum dot-cavity coupled systems,the effective quantum dot-cavity coupling rate and the efficiency of the single photon source for detuned systems were introduced,and good cavity and bad ragime were able to be defined through comparing the effective quantum dot-cavity coupling rate and the cavity decay rate.Influence of the pure dephasing on the efective coupling rate and the efficiency of the single photon source were investigated in resonance and detuning selected two set of theoretical parameters according to the experimental data.The results show that the pure dephasing can increase the efftive quantum dot-cavity coupling and the efficiency of single photon source for detuned system and thus may make a transition from bad cavity to good cavity ragime;a set of parameters having larger coupling efficiency in a certain range can meet good cavity ragime that its single photon sources efficiency is obviously better than the other set.Compared with bad cavity regime laser in non-resonant coupling system,the good cavity regime is a necessary condition to achieve single quantum dot lasers;the Fano function shows no evidence of a maximum in the non-resonant coupling system and thus there is no laser threshold in this system.