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IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity

Fast Resonance Frequency Optical Modulation in Superconducting Stripline Resonator

Eran Segev, Baleegh Abdo, Oleg Shtempluck, Eyal Buks

Published Sep 1, 2006• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Fast resonance frequency optical modulation of a superconducting stripline resonator is investigated. The experiments are performed using a novel device which integrates a hot electron detector (HED) into a superconducting stripline ring resonator. Frequency modulation is demonstrated by both applying dc current or voltage to the HED, and by applying optical illumination, with modulation frequencies of up to 4.2 GHz. Potential applications for such a device are in telecommunication, quantum cryptography, and biofluorescence

DOI
10.1109/tasc.2006.874961

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Fast resonance frequency optical modulation of a superconducting stripline resonator is investigated. The experiments are performed using a novel device which integrates a hot electron detector (HED) into a superconducting stripline ring resonator. Frequency modulation is demonstrated by both applying dc current or voltage to the HED, and by applying optical illumination, with modulation frequencies of up to 4.2 GHz. Potential applications for such a device are in telecommunication, quantum cryptography, and biofluorescence
Fast resonance frequency modulation of a superconducting stripline resonator is investigated. The experiments are performed using a novel device which integrates a hot electron detector (HED) into a superconducting stripline ring resonator. Frequency modulation is demonstrated by both applying dc current or voltage to the HED, and by applying optical illumination, with modulation frequencies of up to 4.2GHz. Potential applications for such a device are in telecommunication, quantum cryptography and biofluorescence.
We study a microwave superconducting stripline resonator made of NbN on a sapphire substrate. A radiation detector (RD) having a thin meander shape is integrated into the resonator. We harness an extremely strong nonlinear instability occurring in the device in order to enhance its sensitivity to infrared radiation impinging on the RD. Characterization measurements yield a noise equivalent power of 34 fW/radicHz at a modulation frequency of 7.74 GHz. Such a device may be exploited for fast and sensitive radiation detection.
We study a microwave superconducting stripline resonator made of NbN on a Sapphire wafer. Novel, self-sustained modulation of the reflected power off the resonator, at frequencies of up to 60MHz, has been recently reported. Here we show experimentally that near the self modulation threshold, the device exhibits a giant nonlinearity, which manifests itself in an extremely high intermodulation gain, accompanied by a very strong noise squeezing and period doubling of various orders. Such a device is highly suitable for serving as a readout device in quantum data processing systems.
Planar superconducting microwave resonators are commonly operated for various cryogenic applications, typically at frequencies between 2 and 15 GHz. But for certain applications, e.g. microwave spectroscopy to study the dynamics of charges and spins in solids, a wider spectral range is desired. Driving such microwave resonators at higher frequencies is challenging due to enhanced losses and reduced wavelength. Here we present superconducting stripline resonators operating at multiple frequencies as high as 50 GHz. These resonators are fabricated of Pb and can easily be adjusted to particular applications, including mK temperatures in a dilution refrigerator. Demonstrating such a resonator as a spectroscopic tool, we detect the superconducting transition of a Sn sample in a wide spectral range.
Interfacing superconducting microwave resonators with optical systems enables sensitive photon detectors, quantum transducers, and related quantum technologies. Achieving high optical pulse repetition is crucial for maximizing the device throughput. However, light-induced deterioration, such as quasiparticle poisoning, pair-breaking-phonon generation, and elevated temperature, hinders the rapid recovery of superconducting circuits, limiting their ability to sustain high optical pulse repetition rates. Understanding these loss mechanisms and enabling fast circuit recovery are therefore critical. In this work, we investigate the impact of optical illumination on niobium nitride and niobium microwave resonators by immersing them in superfluid helium-4 and demonstrate a three-order-of-magnitude faster resonance recovery compared to vacuum. By analyzing transient resonance responses, we provide insights into light-induced dynamics in these superconductors, highlighting the advantages of niobium-based superconductors and superfluid helium for rapid circuit recovery in superconducting quantum systems integrated with optical fields. High-speed optical pulses can enhance system performance and data throughput in photonic-microwave hybrid circuits, but repeated illumination can degrade superconducting resonators’ performance. Here, by conducting experiments in vacuum and superfluid helium, the authors reveal the mechanisms of light-induced loss and demonstrate a three order-of-magnitude faster resonance recovery of niobium-based superconducting resonators in the superfluid helium environment.
Abstract We have fabricated planar amorphous indium oxide superconducting resonators ( T c ∼ 2.8 K) that are sensitive to frequency-selective radiation in the range of 7–10 GHz. Those values lay far below twice the superconducting gap that is worth about 200 GHz. The photon detection consists in a shift of the fundamental resonance frequency. We show that the detected frequency can be adjusted by modulating the total length of the superconducting resonator. We attribute those observations to the excitation of higher-order resonance modes. The coupling between the fundamental lumped and the higher order distributed resonance is due to the kinetic inductance nonlinearity with current. These devices, that we have called sub-gap kinetic inductance detectors, are to be distinguished from the standard kinetic inductance detectors in which quasi-particles are generated when incident light breaks down Cooper pairs.