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Optics Letters

Generation of a phase-conjugate wave in the forward direction with thin Na-vapor cells

C. V. Heer, N. C. Griffen

Published Aug 1, 1979• 52 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A phase-conjugate wave A exp(−iϕ) exp[i(ky − ωt)] was generated in the forward direction in physically thin Na-vapor cells by a pump wave and a signal wave A exp(iϕ) with either pulsed or continuous laser radiation near the Na D line. High-order nonlinearities were readily observed with pulsed radiation, and waves with phase exp(Im ϕ) were observed up to m = ±8.

DOI
10.1364/ol.4.000239

Related papers

Phase Conjugation In The Forward Direction With Thin Na Vapor Cells

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Summary form only given. We use a high-reflectivity phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) to demonstrate that optical phase conjugation can be performed on continuous-wave signal beams having power spectral densities as low as 5 x 10/sup -18/ W/Hz (i.e., 19 photons/sec.Hz). Our high-reflectivity (>600%), wide-bandwidth (90 MHz) PCM is formed by performing four-wave mixing in a potassium vapor cell using a frequency-stabilized Ti:sapphire laser that is tuned near the D/sub 2/ line. We have measured the noise spectra of the conjugate beam as functions of pump detuning from resonance, probe-pump detuning, pump-probe angular separation, and the number density of potassium atoms.

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Self-pumped phase conjugation in sodium vapor

Celestino J. Gaeta, Juan Francisco Lam, R. C. Lind

We have used a two-wave mixing gain process in sodium vapor to construct a self-pumped phase conjugator. This was done by forming a resonator around a quartz sodium cell equipped with Brewster angle windows. A pump beam is then directed into the sodium cell at a small angle to the longitudinal axis of the resonator. At sufficiently high cw pump intensities, the ac-Stark effect pro- vides sufficient gain to achieve oscillation. Although this gain is unidirectional it occurs on the wings of the sodium resonance so that the backward traveling optical field in the resonator does not experience loss due to sodium absorption. The counterpropagating optical fields in the resonator interact with the pump in an internal four- wave mixing process to produce a fourth optical field (phase conjugate to the pump field). Our experiment was conducted at the sodium D2 resonance. The pump laser was a 699 autoscan single frequency ring dye laser providing pump intensities up to several hundred watts per square centimeter.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1988•1 citation
A phase-conjugate wave A exp(−iϕ) exp[i(ky − ωt)] was generated in the forward direction in physically thin Na-vapor cells by a pump wave and a signal wave A exp(iϕ) with either pulsed or continuous laser radiation near the Na D line. High-order nonlinearities were readily observed with pulsed radiation, and waves with phase exp(Im ϕ) were observed up to m = ±8.
During the study of focusing and phase conjugation of photon echoes it became apparent that similar effects occur for either simultaneous pulses or continuous laser radiation. These effects are apparent in the simple two level atom theory in which the stimulated electric dipole is proportional for steady state to [EQUATION] where the electric field amplitude E = A eiφ + B . A(x,z) and φ(x,z) are the amplitude and phase of the signal wave and B is the amplitude of a plane carrier wave. The phase conjugate wave A e-1φ is generated by the A2 + B2 + 2 AB cosφ term in the denominator. Phase conjugation is limited to physically thin cells and a 1 mm Na cell limits the angular spread to ± 20 milliradians. Current experiments with a 2 mm thick Na cell will be discussed. For two laser beams at angle θ, radiation at the phase conjugate -θ, and at higher angles ± 2θ, ±3θ, etc. are observed. Limited phase conjugation such as focusing of a curved wavefront has been observed. More extensive phase conjugation results will be reported.
This paper presents a novel aspect of dual-wave-front generation by degenerate four-wave mixing. The dual-wave-front generation referres to simultaneous generation of phase-conjugate and nonconjugate wave-front for a given probe beam, due to the third-order nonlinear polarization. The characteristics of dual-wave-front generation is theoretically studied and is experimentally confirmed using a dye-laser and Na-vapor system. It is also shown that an interesting forward phase-conjugate wave is observed by using a character-pattern in the experiment.
Summary form only given. We use a high-reflectivity phase-conjugate mirror (PCM) to demonstrate that optical phase conjugation can be performed on continuous-wave signal beams having power spectral densities as low as 5 x 10/sup -18/ W/Hz (i.e., 19 photons/sec.Hz). Our high-reflectivity (>600%), wide-bandwidth (90 MHz) PCM is formed by performing four-wave mixing in a potassium vapor cell using a frequency-stabilized Ti:sapphire laser that is tuned near the D/sub 2/ line. We have measured the noise spectra of the conjugate beam as functions of pump detuning from resonance, probe-pump detuning, pump-probe angular separation, and the number density of potassium atoms.
We have used a two-wave mixing gain process in sodium vapor to construct a self-pumped phase conjugator. This was done by forming a resonator around a quartz sodium cell equipped with Brewster angle windows. A pump beam is then directed into the sodium cell at a small angle to the longitudinal axis of the resonator. At sufficiently high cw pump intensities, the ac-Stark effect pro- vides sufficient gain to achieve oscillation. Although this gain is unidirectional it occurs on the wings of the sodium resonance so that the backward traveling optical field in the resonator does not experience loss due to sodium absorption. The counterpropagating optical fields in the resonator interact with the pump in an internal four- wave mixing process to produce a fourth optical field (phase conjugate to the pump field). Our experiment was conducted at the sodium D2 resonance. The pump laser was a 699 autoscan single frequency ring dye laser providing pump intensities up to several hundred watts per square centimeter.