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The Review of Laser Engineering

Generation and characteristics of dual-wave-front phase-conjugate four-wave mixing.

Naohiro Tanno, Hidetoshi FUKUDA

Published Jan 1, 1987• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

This paper presents a novel aspect of dual-wave-front generation by degenerate four-wave mixing. The dual-wave-front generation referres to simultaneous generation of phase-conjugate and nonconjugate wave-front for a given probe beam, due to the third-order nonlinear polarization. The characteristics of dual-wave-front generation is theoretically studied and is experimentally confirmed using a dye-laser and Na-vapor system. It is also shown that an interesting forward phase-conjugate wave is observed by using a character-pattern in the experiment.

DOI
10.2184/lsj.15.534

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This paper presents a novel aspect of dual-wave-front generation by degenerate four-wave mixing. The dual-wave-front generation referres to simultaneous generation of phase-conjugate and nonconjugate wave-front for a given probe beam, due to the third-order nonlinear polarization. The characteristics of dual-wave-front generation is theoretically studied and is experimentally confirmed using a dye-laser and Na-vapor system. It is also shown that an interesting forward phase-conjugate wave is observed by using a character-pattern in the experiment.
This paper describes time evolution of an incident probe pulse in degenerate four-wave mixing with dualwave-front generation. It is shown that the incident pulse transmission results inself-conservation propagation without loss and pulse-form-change. Theoretical analysis is given by parametric propagation equations as a function of space-time. Their transient solutions reveal that interesting propagation effect which is confirmed by the experimental observation using a dye-laser and Na-vapor system.
Two-frequency four-wave mixing in a dye is demonstrated, in which degenerate four-wave mixing is performed simultaneously within the absorption and emission frequency spectra, with two separate sets of beams. The coupling between the two bands gives rise to backward output waves at both frequencies, which are proportional to the phase conjugate of a single probe which can be at either of the two frequencies. Forward-propagating waves which are not conjugated are also generated at both frequencies. The frequency shifted outputs are tunable over the bandwidth of the spectrum in which they lie. A theoretical analysis is performed which is based on a four-level system model of the ground and first excited singlet states in a dye. Resulting are coupled equations, which are solved to yield the efficiencies of the various outputs. Experiments give results in good agreement with the theory.
Part I of this thesis describes the theoretical and experimental aspects of a new area in coherent optics known as phase conjugate optics. By using nonlinear optical mixing techniques, the complex conjugate of an arbitrary incident monochromatic wave can be generated. In particular, the theory of the degenerate four-wave mixing technique is presented. Experimental observation of phase conjugate wave front generation in a liquid crystal material (MBBA) is described. The ability of the conjugate wave front to correct for phase aberration is demonstrated. The quantum mechanical origin of the nonlinear third order susceptibility responsible for the four-wave mixing process is illustrated in an atomic system. Because of a finite memory time of such an atomic system, the electromagnetic waves taking part in the mixing process need not occur simultaneously. The applications of the phase conjugation process to real-time information processing and the characteristics of a phase conjugate resonator are discussed in detail. The ability of an optical fiber to confine the propagation of electromagnetic waves over a long distance and within a small cross sectional area implies that large optical intensities can be maintained over a long " interaction length even at moderate incident optical power. Part II of this thesis describes some third order nonlinear optical phenomena that have been observed under this condition. Especially, phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing in a fiber has been shown to require significantly less pumping power. The theoretical and experimental studies of four-wave mixing in a liquid-filled fiber are presented. Extensive experimental efforts have been devoted over the last few years to the study of stimulated Raman scattering and the oscillation of the Stokes radiation inside fibers. A detailed theoretical treatment will be given here to describe these effects. The analysis shows that pump depletion due to the nonlinear process is very important in describing the stimulated Raman scattering in low loss fibers and is the dominant saturation effect in a fiber Raman oscillator. Finally, the implications of nonlinear optical phenomena to fiber optic communication will be mentioned.
We have studied the polarization properties of phase conjugation by degenerate four-wave mixing resonantly enhanced by the sodium 3S1/2 → 6S1/2 two-photon-allowed transition. As predicted by third-order theories, this interaction leads to simultaneous conjugation of the optical wave front and state of polarization (vector phase conjugation) when the pump intensities are sufficiently weak. However, qualitatively different polarization behavior is observed for pump intensities near or above the two-photon saturation intensity.