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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Anticrossing effects in Stark spectra of helium

Laurentius Windholz, Ryszard Drozdowski, Tomasz J. Wąsowicz, Jerzy Kwela

Published Jun 1, 2005• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n 1Q-2 1S, n 1Q-2 1P and n 3Q-2 3P (n=3÷10, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of calculations show good agreement with observation.

DOI
10.1117/12.629397

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In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n 1Q-2 1S, n 1Q-2 1P and n 3Q-2 3P (n=3÷10, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of calculations show good agreement with observation.
In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n1Q-21S, n1Q-21P and n3Q-23P(n=3÷9, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence, anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of caluclations show good agreement with observation not only for low field values, but also in high fields and in case of level anticrossings.
We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the He spectral series 2S1−nQ1 (n=3÷9, Q=S,P,D,…,n−1) and 2P1−nQ1 (n=3÷9, Q=S,P,D,…,n−1) in electric fields up to 1635 kV/cm. Apart from the allowed transitions with |ΔL|=1, the transitions with |ΔL|=0,2,3,…—without field strictly forbidden—were observed. Several He patterns become similar to hydrogen patterns, which means they are nearly symmetric and show in higher fields nearly linear Stark shifts. The applied fields are high enough that patterns belonging to neighboring principal quantum numbers (for n>6) begin to overlap, which leads to interesting level-anticrossing effects. The experimental results are compared with numerical calculations, taking into account mixing between states of different principal quantum numbers and between singlet and triplet states. The agreement between experimental and theoretical results is quite good.
Singlet-triplet anticrossings of 1s3d Stark sublevels of He I were investigated by inducing resonance transitions from the 1s2p 3 P level to the 1s3d Stark states at electric fields 80 kV cm -1 <F z <100 kV cm -1 . The measurements were performed using a beam of metastable helium atoms perpendicular to a 588 nm laser beam from a tunable dye laser. From the energy separations of closest approach of four anticrossings we deduced the radial integrals h off 3p =(3660+or-200) MHz and h off 3d (652.6+or-1.0) MHz of the singlet-triplet off-diagonal matrix elements of the spin-orbit coupling for the 1s3p and 1s3d configurations. They agree with recently calculated values.
A spectroscopic study of Rydberg states of helium (n = 30 and 45) in magnetic, electric and combined magnetic and electric fields with arbitrary relative orientations of the field vectors is presented. The emphasis is on two special cases where (i) the diamagnetic term is negligible and both paramagnetic Zeeman and Stark effects are linear (n = 30, B ≤ 120 mT and F = 0-78 V cm⁻¹), and (ii) the diamagnetic term is dominant and the Stark effect is linear (n = 45, B = 277 mT and F = 0-8 V cm⁻¹). Both cases correspond to regimes where the interactions induced by the electric and magnetic fields are much weaker than the Coulomb interaction, but much stronger than the spin-orbit interaction. The experimental spectra are compared to spectra calculated by determining the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian matrix describing helium Rydberg states in the external fields. The spectra and the calculated energy-level diagrams in external fields reveal avoided crossings between levels of different m ₗ values and pronounced m ₁-mixing effects at all angles between the electric- and magnetic-field vectors other than 0. These observations are discussed in the context of the development of a method to generate dense samples of cold atoms and molecules in a magnetic trap following Rydberg-Stark deceleration.
Atoms moving through a magnetic field suffer a Stark effect whose magnitude is dependent upon the atom's velocity. This velocity-dependent perturbation has recently been exploited as a Doppler narrowing technique, and in this paper we consider atomic anticrossings induced by it. Experimentally such anticrossings are observed between $n^{3}D\ensuremath{-}n^{1,3}F$ states of He for $n=4\ensuremath{-}9$, with n=8n=8n=8 being considered in detail. Theoretical expressions are derived for motional-Stark-effect-induced anticrossing line shapes. Good agreement with the observed line shapes is obtained and the theoretical analysis allows a value of the $n=^{3}D\ensuremath{-}^{1,3}F$ interval to be obtained which is in good agreement with previous predictions.
Abstract A spectroscopic study of Rydberg states of helium ( n = 30 and 45) in magnetic, electric and combined magnetic and electric fields with arbitrary relative orientations of the field vectors is presented. The emphasis is on two special cases where (i) the diamagnetic term is negligible and both paramagnetic Zeeman and Stark effects are linear ( n = 30, B ≤ 120 mT and F = 0–78 V cm −1 ), and (ii) the diamagnetic term is dominant and the Stark effect is linear ( n = 45, B = 277 mT and F = 0–8 V cm −1 ). Both cases correspond to regimes where the interactions induced by the electric and magnetic fields are much weaker than the Coulomb interaction, but much stronger than the spin–orbit interaction. The experimental spectra are compared to spectra calculated by determining the eigenvalues of the Hamiltonian matrix describing helium Rydberg states in the external fields. The spectra and the calculated energy-level diagrams in external fields reveal avoided crossings between levels of different m l values and pronounced m l -mixing effects at all angles between the electric- and magnetic-field vectors other than 0. These observations are discussed in the context of the development of a method to generate dense samples of cold atoms and molecules in a magnetic trap following Rydberg–Stark deceleration.