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Physical Review A

Motional-Stark-effect-induced anticrossings

G. C. Neumann, Bernard R. Zegarski, Terry A. Miller, M. Rosenbluh, R. L. Panock, Benjamin Lax

Published Oct 1, 1978• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Atoms moving through a magnetic field suffer a Stark effect whose magnitude is dependent upon the atom's velocity. This velocity-dependent perturbation has recently been exploited as a Doppler narrowing technique, and in this paper we consider atomic anticrossings induced by it. Experimentally such anticrossings are observed between $n^{3}D\ensuremath{-}n^{1,3}F$ states of He for $n=4\ensuremath{-}9$, with $n=8$ being considered in detail. Theoretical expressions are derived for motional-Stark-effect-induced anticrossing line shapes. Good agreement with the observed line shapes is obtained and the theoretical analysis allows a value of the $n=^{3}D\ensuremath{-}^{1,3}F$ interval to be obtained which is in good agreement with previous predictions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.18.1464

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Atoms moving through a magnetic field suffer a Stark effect whose magnitude is dependent upon the atom's velocity. This velocity-dependent perturbation has recently been exploited as a Doppler narrowing technique, and in this paper we consider atomic anticrossings induced by it. Experimentally such anticrossings are observed between n3D\ensuremath−n1,3Fn^{3}D\ensuremath{-}n^{1,3}Fn3D\ensuremath−n1,3F states of He for n=4\ensuremath−9n=4\ensuremath{-}9n=4\ensuremath−9, with n=8n=8n=8 being considered in detail. Theoretical expressions are derived for motional-Stark-effect-induced anticrossing line shapes. Good agreement with the observed line shapes is obtained and the theoretical analysis allows a value of the n=3D\ensuremath−1,3Fn=^{3}D\ensuremath{-}^{1,3}Fn=3D\ensuremath−1,3F interval to be obtained which is in good agreement with previous predictions.
We have observed transitions between Rydberg states of He with sub-Doppler resolution, using a novel technique. Ordinary Doppler line shapes, observed at low magnetic fields, are completely altered at high fields by the quadratic Stark effect induced by velocity-dependent electric fields arising from atomic motion transverse to the magnetic field. The high-field line shape has an abrupt cutoff, corresponding to ${v}_{\ensuremath{\perp}}\ensuremath{\simeq}0$ atoms, whose slope is primarily limited by the homogeneous linewidth.
In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n 1Q-2 1S, n 1Q-2 1P and n 3Q-2 3P (n=3÷10, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of calculations show good agreement with observation.
In the spectral range between 480 nm and 630 nm the Stark effect of the transitions n1Q-21S, n1Q-21P and n3Q-23P(n=3÷9, Q=S, P,...) was studied using electric field up to 1500 kV/cm. For such a high field the Stark splitting becomes greater than the simple structure of the atom. Hence, anticrossings of the Stark components of the same magnetic quantum number occur. The experimental results have been compared with the theoretically determined shifts. The results of caluclations show good agreement with observation not only for low field values, but also in high fields and in case of level anticrossings.
The high resolution two-photon spectroscopy of hydrogen is often limited by the second-order Doppler effect. To determine this effect, we apply a magnetic field perpendicular to the atomic beam. This field induces a quadratic motional Stark shift proportional, as the second-order Doppler effect, to v(2) (v atomic velocity). For some magnetic field, these two effects are opposite and the total shift due to the atomic velocity is reduced. We present the first observation of this effect for the 1S-3S transition in hydrogen.
We present experimental and theoretical investigations of the He spectral series 2S1−nQ1 (n=3÷9, Q=S,P,D,…,n−1) and 2P1−nQ1 (n=3÷9, Q=S,P,D,…,n−1) in electric fields up to 1635 kV/cm. Apart from the allowed transitions with |ΔL|=1, the transitions with |ΔL|=0,2,3,…—without field strictly forbidden—were observed. Several He patterns become similar to hydrogen patterns, which means they are nearly symmetric and show in higher fields nearly linear Stark shifts. The applied fields are high enough that patterns belonging to neighboring principal quantum numbers (for n>6) begin to overlap, which leads to interesting level-anticrossing effects. The experimental results are compared with numerical calculations, taking into account mixing between states of different principal quantum numbers and between singlet and triplet states. The agreement between experimental and theoretical results is quite good.
Anticrossing signals have been detected between n 1 D and n 3 D states of neutral He (n=5 to 7) using external electric field and internal singlet-triplet perturbations to couple the crossing states. Improved results for the n 1 D-n 3 D intervals are obtained: 34066.3(7.2), 20918.0(9.2) and 13632.8(5.3) MHz for n=5, 6, 7 respectively. This type of anticrossing also allows the study of the differential Stark effect, the anisotropic susceptibility chi A and the relativistic fine structure of the n 3 D states.