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Optics Letters

Noise optimization of an Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source

Frands B. Pedersen, Jørn Hedegaard Povlsen, Anders Bjarklev, Ole Lumholt, Christian Lester

Published Oct 15, 1993• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

A theoretical analysis of the noise properties of an Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source is presented. The optimum fiber design with respect to the signal-to-noise ratio and output power is found.
DOI
10.1364/ol.18.001709

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A study is made of the noise in the output intensity of a high-power superfluorescent fiber radiation source generating 20 mW in the 1.55 μ m region of the spectrum. The source is constructed in an all-fiber technology from a quartz fiber activated with ytterbium and erbium. It is found that the spectral density of the noise in the frequency range 100–500 kHz is uniform and corresponds to the excess noise of “thermal” sources. It is shown that the noise in the output intensity of the source can be compensated (decreased by an order of magnitude) in a two-channel scheme of photodetection, where it approaches a level close to the photon shot noise.
Erbium ytterbium co-doped super-fluorescent fiber source (EYD-SFS) has been simulated by a theoretical model based on rate equations and power transfer equations. The output performances of four basic structures of EYD-SFS have been expressed, and it indicated that the DPF structure is a preferable structure. The dependence of output power, mean wavelength and bandwidth stability on the pump fiber length and the concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ have also been studied. The results indicated with a proper doping concentration of Er 3+ and Yb 3+ of 6.0 × 10 26 ions/m 3 and 1.0 × 10 27 ions/m 3 , the optimal gain fiber length is 3.6 cm. In this condition, good performances of DPF structure of EYD-SFS have been achieved.
The concept of noise figure F and noise measure M applicable to radio frequency and microwave amplifiers is reviewed and extended to cover optical amplifiers. Two noise figures are defined in the optical regime: one gives the ASE output, while the other gives the ratio of signal-to-noise ratios at the input and output. In the quantum regime, the lower limit on these optimum values is set by a generalization of Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. A Raman back-pumped fiber link with post-amplification with an erbium-doped fiber amplifier is used to illustrate the use of noise measure.