Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Optics Letters

Observation of pressure-induced nonreciprocity in a ring four-wave-mixing oscillator: application to optical gyros

G. Grynberg, M. Faucheux, M. Pinard

Published Jan 1, 1989• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have studied the four-wave-mixing oscillation obtained when a cell containing sodium and a buffer gas is enclosed in a ring cavity. The beat frequency Deltanu between the two counterrotating beams is shown to depend on the intensity difference (I(1) - I(2)) between the two pump beams. The curve giving Deltanu as a function of (I(1) - I(2)) is a gyrotype curve, which suggests some possible application for optical gyros.

DOI
10.1364/ol.14.000063

Related papers

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking in a Ring Four-Wave Mixing Oscillator

G. Grynberg, M. Pinard, Philippe Verkerk

We present the characteristics of the nondegenerate emission of a ring four-wave mixing oscillator. The nondegenerate symmetric mode where the two counterrotating beams have the same frequencies has never been observed. The oscillation always occurs on an asymmetric mode with beams of different frequencies propagating in opposite directions. Application to optical gyros is also discussed.

Europhysics Letters (EPL)•May 15, 1989•5 citations

Four-wave mixing oscillation in a cavity using sodium vapor

D. Grandclément, M. Pinard, G. Grynberg

The experimental characteristics of a four-wave mixing oscillator which uses sodium vapor enclosed in a linear cavity are described. The pump beam depletion and the enhancement of the fluorescence induced by the four-wave mixing oscillation are studied. The situations of pump beams of the same frequency and of different frequencies are considered. In both cases, the output beam almost always exhibits a bistable behavior. The bistability is observed by varying the length of the cavity, the pump beams being constant, or by varying the pump beam intensity, the length of the cavity, the remaining constant. With degenerate pump beams, the phase and the frequency of the output beam is compared to those of the pump beam. In a study of the noise of such a degenerate four-wave oscillator both in the case of degenerate and nondegenerate pumps, a very important phase sensitive noise was observed. This feature was observed for nondegenerate oscillation.>

IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics•Mar 1, 1989•15 citations

Observation of continuous-wave self-oscillation due to pressure-induced two-wave mixing in sodium

D. Grandclément, G. Grynberg, M. Pinard

Collisional damping can induce a coupling between two nonresonant light beams propagating in an atomic vapor. This coupling is sufficiently important to induce a gain process for a weak probe beam interacting with an intense pump beam. We present here the first observation of a cw oscillation generated by this process using a cell which contains sodium and helium, the pump beam being slightly detuned from the ${\mathrm{D}}_{2}$ resonance line. We also show how the self-oscillation due to four-wave mixing is modified by the presence of a buffer gas.

Physical Review Letters•Jul 6, 1987•102 citations

Pressure-induced degenerate frequency resonance in four-wave light mixing

A. R. Bogdan, Yehiam Prior, N. Bloembergen

Phase-matched four-wave mixing in sodium vapor with a helium buffer gas is carried out in a noncoplanar geometry. The directions of the four light beams remain nondegenerate even if all frequencies are equal. A sharp zerodifference frequency resonance in the intensity of the parametrically generated fourth beam by three incident beams is observed that is proportional to the square of the pressure of the buffer gas. A theoretical interpretation of this effect caused by elimination of destructive interference between two coherent pathways is presented.

Optics Letters•Feb 1, 1981•80 citations

Collision-induced gratings in four-wave mixing oscillators

G. Grynberg

Collision‐induced effects for a set of two level atoms can often be explained in term of collision‐induced gratings. In particular, we interpret the Bloembergen PIER 4 resonances and the collision‐induced gain in two‐wave mixing using these gratings. In the case of a ring atomic parametric oscillator, we show that these gratings can lead to a non reciprocal effect between the two directions of propagation. Experimentals results obtained with a cell containing sodium and helium show that a potential application to optical gyros can be imagined.

AIP conference proceedings•Jan 1, 1988•0 citations

Resonant degenerate four-wave mixing in I_2: effect of buffer gas pressure

P. F. Barker, Amberyn M. Thomas, Halina H. Rubinsztein-Dunlop +2 more

The influence of molecular collisions on the production of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal in I(2) is presented. Measurements were performed on gaseous molecular iodine, I(2), contained in a glass cell in which pressure, temperature, and species concentration are easily and independently varied. Frequencydoubled outputs from a seeded Nd:YAG laser and an excimer-pumped dye laser were used as excitation sources. We have studied the dependence of signal strength versus buffer gas pressure, with pump intensity as a third parameter. It is evident from our results that, for pump intensities of less than 1 MW/cm(2), the pressure dependence of the signal follows that given by a simple two-level model in the homogeneously broadened regime. In this regime collisional deexcitation becomes significant, leading to changes in saturation intensity. This is evidenced by a reduction in the signal with an increase in buffer gas pressure. This behavior is similar to that seen in laser-induced fluorescence. At higher pump intensities, the signal is seen to increase with pressure; this behavior cannot be described by the simple two-level model.

Applied Optics•Jun 20, 1995•3 citations
We have studied the four-wave-mixing oscillation obtained when a cell containing sodium and a buffer gas is enclosed in a ring cavity. The beat frequency Deltanu between the two counterrotating beams is shown to depend on the intensity difference (I(1) - I(2)) between the two pump beams. The curve giving Deltanu as a function of (I(1) - I(2)) is a gyrotype curve, which suggests some possible application for optical gyros.
The experimental characteristics of a four-wave mixing oscillator which uses sodium vapor enclosed in a linear cavity are described. The pump beam depletion and the enhancement of the fluorescence induced by the four-wave mixing oscillation are studied. The situations of pump beams of the same frequency and of different frequencies are considered. In both cases, the output beam almost always exhibits a bistable behavior. The bistability is observed by varying the length of the cavity, the pump beams being constant, or by varying the pump beam intensity, the length of the cavity, the remaining constant. With degenerate pump beams, the phase and the frequency of the output beam is compared to those of the pump beam. In a study of the noise of such a degenerate four-wave oscillator both in the case of degenerate and nondegenerate pumps, a very important phase sensitive noise was observed. This feature was observed for nondegenerate oscillation.>
Collisional damping can induce a coupling between two nonresonant light beams propagating in an atomic vapor. This coupling is sufficiently important to induce a gain process for a weak probe beam interacting with an intense pump beam. We present here the first observation of a cw oscillation generated by this process using a cell which contains sodium and helium, the pump beam being slightly detuned from the D2{\mathrm{D}}_{2}D2​ resonance line. We also show how the self-oscillation due to four-wave mixing is modified by the presence of a buffer gas.
Phase-matched four-wave mixing in sodium vapor with a helium buffer gas is carried out in a noncoplanar geometry. The directions of the four light beams remain nondegenerate even if all frequencies are equal. A sharp zerodifference frequency resonance in the intensity of the parametrically generated fourth beam by three incident beams is observed that is proportional to the square of the pressure of the buffer gas. A theoretical interpretation of this effect caused by elimination of destructive interference between two coherent pathways is presented.
Collision‐induced effects for a set of two level atoms can often be explained in term of collision‐induced gratings. In particular, we interpret the Bloembergen PIER 4 resonances and the collision‐induced gain in two‐wave mixing using these gratings. In the case of a ring atomic parametric oscillator, we show that these gratings can lead to a non reciprocal effect between the two directions of propagation. Experimentals results obtained with a cell containing sodium and helium show that a potential application to optical gyros can be imagined.
The influence of molecular collisions on the production of the degenerate four-wave mixing signal in I(2) is presented. Measurements were performed on gaseous molecular iodine, I(2), contained in a glass cell in which pressure, temperature, and species concentration are easily and independently varied. Frequencydoubled outputs from a seeded Nd:YAG laser and an excimer-pumped dye laser were used as excitation sources. We have studied the dependence of signal strength versus buffer gas pressure, with pump intensity as a third parameter. It is evident from our results that, for pump intensities of less than 1 MW/cm(2), the pressure dependence of the signal follows that given by a simple two-level model in the homogeneously broadened regime. In this regime collisional deexcitation becomes significant, leading to changes in saturation intensity. This is evidenced by a reduction in the signal with an increase in buffer gas pressure. This behavior is similar to that seen in laser-induced fluorescence. At higher pump intensities, the signal is seen to increase with pressure; this behavior cannot be described by the simple two-level model.