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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Four-wave mixing oscillation in a cavity using sodium vapor

D. Grandclément, M. Pinard, G. Grynberg

Published Mar 1, 1989• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The experimental characteristics of a four-wave mixing oscillator which uses sodium vapor enclosed in a linear cavity are described. The pump beam depletion and the enhancement of the fluorescence induced by the four-wave mixing oscillation are studied. The situations of pump beams of the same frequency and of different frequencies are considered. In both cases, the output beam almost always exhibits a bistable behavior. The bistability is observed by varying the length of the cavity, the pump beams being constant, or by varying the pump beam intensity, the length of the cavity, the remaining constant. With degenerate pump beams, the phase and the frequency of the output beam is compared to those of the pump beam. In a study of the noise of such a degenerate four-wave oscillator both in the case of degenerate and nondegenerate pumps, a very important phase sensitive noise was observed. This feature was observed for nondegenerate oscillation.>

DOI
10.1109/3.18570

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The experimental characteristics of a four-wave mixing oscillator which uses sodium vapor enclosed in a linear cavity are described. The pump beam depletion and the enhancement of the fluorescence induced by the four-wave mixing oscillation are studied. The situations of pump beams of the same frequency and of different frequencies are considered. In both cases, the output beam almost always exhibits a bistable behavior. The bistability is observed by varying the length of the cavity, the pump beams being constant, or by varying the pump beam intensity, the length of the cavity, the remaining constant. With degenerate pump beams, the phase and the frequency of the output beam is compared to those of the pump beam. In a study of the noise of such a degenerate four-wave oscillator both in the case of degenerate and nondegenerate pumps, a very important phase sensitive noise was observed. This feature was observed for nondegenerate oscillation.>
A theoretical study of the stationary regime of a four-wave mixing oscillator inside a cavity is presented. The theory is developed in a situation where the phase-conjugate reflection R/sub c/ is much smaller than 1. To find the intensity emitted by this oscillator, two types of saturation mechanism, pump-beam depletion and atomic saturation, are considered. The principal characteristics of the degenerate oscillation are the following: very-low-threshold, bistable behavior, and phase locking of the oscillating beam on the pump beams. In the nondegenerate case, it is shown that the position of the phase-conjugate medium inside the cavity is an essential parameter to determine the threshold condition.>
There is presently a growing interest in nearly degenerate four-wave mixing, both for application in optical phase conjugation and the generation of squeezed states. In particular, the self-oscillation of a system interacting with one or two pump beams has been investigated in great detail in the case of photorefractive materials, but very few experiments have been done in vapors in the cw regime. The results that we obtained using sodium are presented here. They are strikingly different from the results obtained with photorefractive materials. For example, the oscillating beam and pump beam frequencies coincide with a precision better than 10−2 Hz. Another interesting aspect of this oscillating beam is that it exhibits a phase sensitive noise: just above threshold, the noise on one quadrature of the field can be 10−2 times smaller than the noise on the other quadrature.
A theoretical investigation is made of parametric generation of light by four-wave mixing in an optical cavity with two pump fields of different frequencies. Mixing configurations resulting in the excitation of one and three cavity modes are considered taking into account the effects of phase modulation and of depletion of the pump fields. An analysis is made of stable steady-state oscillation regimes. Calculations are reported of the intensities of the generated radiation modes at the exit from the cavity above the threshold. An analysis is made of the conditions for the appearance of optical bistability at nonzero values of the cavity detuning.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in sodium vapor is investigated using a flashlamp-pumped dye laser synchronized on a cw dye laser. At low atomic density, the reflectivity versus the pump intensity and the line shapes are in good agreement with theoretical predictions in the case of both plane waves and Gaussian beams. At high atomic density, reflectivities much higher than unity have been observed. The influence of the pump imbalance has been studied as well as the deformation of the wave front of the conjugated beam introduced by the pump beams. In the high-atomic-density case, the theoretical problem is more complex, and our experimental results exhibit only qualitative agreement with theory.
A theoretical investigation is made of parametric generation of light by four-wave mixing in an optical cavity with two pump fields of different frequencies. Mixing configurations resulting in the excitation of one and three cavity modes are are considered taking into account the effects of phase modulation and ef depletion of the pump fields. An analysis is made of stable steady-state oscillation regimes. Calculations are reported or the intensities of the generated radiation modes at the exit from the cavity above the threshold. An analysis is made of the conditions for the appearance of optical bistability at nonzero values of the cavity detuning.