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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Generation and analysis of hyperentangled multiqubit states for photons using quantum-dot spins in optical microcavities

Tie-Jun Wang, Chuan Xi Wang

Published Sep 23, 2013• 8 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a scheme for the generation of hyperentangled multiqubit cluster states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states in both polarization and spatial mode degrees of freedom using the quantum-dot cavity system. This device can be used as the complete analyzer of hyperentangled multiphoton states. This proposed hyperentanglement generation and analyzer device can serve as a crucial component of high capacity, long-distance quantum communication. Using existing experimental data, it is demonstrated that the present scheme may be feasible in strong-coupling regimes with current techniques.

DOI
10.1364/josab.30.002689

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We propose a scheme for the generation of hyperentangled multiqubit cluster states and Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger states in both polarization and spatial mode degrees of freedom using the quantum-dot cavity system. This device can be used as the complete analyzer of hyperentangled multiphoton states. This proposed hyperentanglement generation and analyzer device can serve as a crucial component of high capacity, long-distance quantum communication. Using existing experimental data, it is demonstrated that the present scheme may be feasible in strong-coupling regimes with current techniques.
We propose a scheme for the complete differentiation of 64 three-photon hyperentangled GHZ states in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedoms using the quantum-dot cavity system. The three-photon hyperentangled-GHZ-state-analysis scheme can also be used to generate 3-photon hyperentangled GHZ states. This proposed hyperentangled analysis and generation device can serve as crucial components of the high-capacity, long-distance quantum communication. We use quantum swapping as an example to show the application of this device in quantum communication with polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedoms. Using numerical calculations, we show that the present scheme may be feasible in strong-coupling regimes with current technologies.
We propose a scheme for the production of hyperentangled photon pairs as well as for the complete differentiation of 16 hyperentangled Bell states in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom using the quantum-dot cavity systems. This hyperentangled-Bell-state photon generation and the complete hyperentangled-Bell-state-analysis device can serve as crucial components of the high-capacity, long-distance quantum communication. We use the hyperentanglement quantum repeater as an example to show the application of this device. When the hyperentanglement quantum repeater operation is complete, two parties that are far from each other in quantum communication can share two Bell-state spin pairs simultaneously. By using numerical calculations we prove that the present scheme can both work in the weak- and strong-coupling regimes with current technology.
Entangled state analysis is one of the basic techniques in quantum information processing. However, it is impossible to fully distinguish the three-photon Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states with only linear optical elements. Here, we propose a deterministic scheme to complete three-photon spatial-polarization hyperentangled GHZ-state analysis (HGSA) by using the giant optical Faraday rotation induced by an excess electron spin in a quantum dot inside a one-sided optical microcavity as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. It is divided into two steps. The first step is used to distinguish the eight three-photon GHZ states in the spatial-mode degree of freedom (DOF) without destroying the polarization states. The second step is used to distinguish the eight GHZ states in the polarization DOF. This scheme can be generalized to N-photon spatial-polarization HGSA and has useful applications in quantum communication protocols.
Bell-state analysis (BSA) is essential in quantum communication, but it is impossible to distinguish unambiguously the four Bell states in the polarization degree of freedom (DOF) of two-photon systems with only linear optical elements, except for the case in which the BSA is assisted with hyperentangled states, the simultaneous entanglement in more than one DOF. Here, we propose a scheme to distinguish completely the 16 hyperentangled Bell states in both the polarization and the spatial-mode DOFs of two-photon systems, by using the giant nonlinear optics in quantum dot-cavity systems. This scheme can be applied to increase the channel capacity of long-distance quantum communication based on hyperentanglement, such as entanglement swapping, teleportation, and superdense coding. We use hyperentanglement swapping as an example to show the application of this HBSA.
We present two efficient schemes for the deterministic generation and the complete nondestructive analysis of hyperentangled Bell states in both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DOF) of two-photon systems, assisted by the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamonds coupled to microtoroidal resonators as a result of cavity quantum electrodynamics. With the input-output process of photons, two-photon polarization-spatial hyperentangled Bell states can be generated in a deterministic way and their complete nondestructive analysis can be achieved. These schemes can be generalized to generate and analyze hyperentangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states of multiphoton systems as well. Compared with previous works, these two schemes relax the difficulty of their implementation in experiment as it is not difficult to obtain the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ phase shift in single-sided NV-cavity systems. Moreover, our schemes do not require that the transmission for the uncoupled cavity is balanceable with the reflectance for the coupled cavity. Our calculations show that these schemes can reach a high fidelity and efficiency with current technology, which may be a benefit to long-distance high-capacity quantum communication with two DOF of photon systems.
We construct an error-detected block, assisted by the quantum-dot spins in double-sided optical microcavities. With this block, we propose three error-detected schemes for the deterministic generation, the complete analysis, and the complete nondestructive analysis of hyperentangled Bell states in both the polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of two-photon systems. In these schemes, the errors can be detected, which can improve their fidelities largely, far different from other previous schemes assisted by the interaction between the photon and the QD-cavity system. Our scheme for the deterministic generation of hyperentangled two-photon systems can be performed by repeat until success. These features make our schemes more useful in high-capacity quantum communication with hyperentanglement in the future.