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arXiv:1207.0168 · Optics Express

Complete hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis for photon systems assisted by quantum-dot spins in optical microcavities

Bao-Cang Ren, Hai-Rui Wei, Ming Hua, Tao Li, Fu-Guo Deng

Published Oct 12, 2012• 166 citations
arXivHTMLPDF

Abstract

Bell-state analysis (BSA) is essential in quantum communication, but it is impossible to distinguish unambiguously the four Bell states in the polarization degree of freedom (DOF) of two-photon systems with only linear optical elements, except for the case in which the BSA is assisted with hyperentangled states, the simultaneous entanglement in more than one DOF. Here, we propose a scheme to distinguish completely the 16 hyperentangled Bell states in both the polarization and the spatial-mode DOFs of two-photon systems, by using the giant nonlinear optics in quantum dot-cavity systems. This scheme can be applied to increase the channel capacity of long-distance quantum communication based on hyperentanglement, such as entanglement swapping, teleportation, and superdense coding. We use hyperentanglement swapping as an example to show the application of this HBSA.

DOI
10.1364/oe.20.024664

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Bell-state analysis (BSA) is essential in quantum communication, but it is impossible to distinguish unambiguously the four Bell states in the polarization degree of freedom (DOF) of two-photon systems with only linear optical elements, except for the case in which the BSA is assisted with hyperentangled states, the simultaneous entanglement in more than one DOF. Here, we propose a scheme to distinguish completely the 16 hyperentangled Bell states in both the polarization and the spatial-mode DOFs of two-photon systems, by using the giant nonlinear optics in quantum dot-cavity systems. This scheme can be applied to increase the channel capacity of long-distance quantum communication based on hyperentanglement, such as entanglement swapping, teleportation, and superdense coding. We use hyperentanglement swapping as an example to show the application of this HBSA.
It is impossible to unambiguously distinguish the four Bell states in polarization, resorting to linear optical elements only. Recently, the hyperentangled Bell state, the simultaneous entanglement in more than one degree of freedom, has been used to assist in the complete Bell-state analysis of the four Bell states. However, if the additional degree of freedom is qubitlike, one can only distinguish 7 from the group of 16 states. Here we present a way to distinguish the hyperentangled Bell states completely with the help of cross-Kerr nonlinearity. Also, we discuss its application in the quantum teleportation of a particle in an unknown state in two different degrees of freedom and in the entanglement swapping of hyperentangled states. These applications will increase the channel capacity of long-distance quantum communication.
Abstract We present a simple scheme for the complete analysis of hyperentangled Bell states in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom (DOFs) assisted by time-bin–frequency hyperentanglement. In previous schemes of distinguishing the 16 hyperentangled Bell states, many non-linear interaction systems are widely used to construct a quantum gate, such as cross-Kerr non-linearity, quantum-dot spin in an optical microcavity and nitrogen-vacancy centers in a resonator. In our scheme, we utilize the time-bin and frequency DOFs of a photon system as the auxiliary DOFs to analyze polarization–spatial-mode hyperentangled Bell states, and the distinguishing principle is quite different from the former schemes that use the non-linear interactions. As the manipulation of time-bin and frequency DOFs of photons is efficient and feasible with current technology, this scheme will be useful for high-capacity quantum information processing based on hyperentanglement.
Hyperentangled state analysis is an important module in high-capacity quantum communication. We present a self-assisted deterministic hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis (HBSA) scheme for photon system entangled in three degrees of freedom (DOFs), where 64 polarization-double longitudinal momentum hyperentangled Bell states are completely distinguished. In this HBSA scheme, the four first longitudinal momentum Bell states are distinguished determinately by nondestructive first longitudinal momentum Bell state analyzer, which is constructed with cross-Kerr nonlinearity medium. The 16 second longitudinal momentum-polarization hyperentangled Bell states are distinguished determinately by self-assisted second longitudinal momentum-polarization hyperentangled Bell state analyzer using linear optical elements, where the first longitudinal momentum Bell state and time-bin entangled state are used as auxiliary. Using this self-assisted method, the application of nonlinear optical resource in HBSA scheme has been largely reduced, which makes this self-assisted deterministic HBSA scheme has potential application prospects in high-capacity quantum communication.
We propose a scheme for the production of hyperentangled photon pairs as well as for the complete differentiation of 16 hyperentangled Bell states in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom using the quantum-dot cavity systems. This hyperentangled-Bell-state photon generation and the complete hyperentangled-Bell-state-analysis device can serve as crucial components of the high-capacity, long-distance quantum communication. We use the hyperentanglement quantum repeater as an example to show the application of this device. When the hyperentanglement quantum repeater operation is complete, two parties that are far from each other in quantum communication can share two Bell-state spin pairs simultaneously. By using numerical calculations we prove that the present scheme can both work in the weak- and strong-coupling regimes with current technology.
Abstract An efficient scheme for the discrimination of 16 hyperentangled Bell states of a two-photon system that is entangled in both polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom is presented in this paper. Using the interaction between the photons and quantum-dot spins in cavities, the spatial-mode Bell states can be distinguished completely and nondestructively in the first step. Subsequently, the preserved spatial-mode entanglement is utilized as an auxiliary to analyze the polarization Bell states. Compared with a previous scheme (Ren et al 2012 Opt. Express 20 24664–77), our scheme reduces the requirement for nonlinear interaction substantially by utilizing the intrinsic degrees of freedom in hyperentanglement.
Hyperentanglement represents a key resource in many quantum information processing schemes. Here, we present a complete and fidelity-robust hyperentangled-Bell-state analysis (HBSA) scheme for two-photon systems entangled in polarization, spatial mode, and time-bin degrees of freedom (DOFs). The scheme uses a fidelity-robust quantum nondemolition (QND) detector called BLOCK1, built with a singly charged semiconductor quantum dot (QD) in a double-sided optical microcavity (double-sided QD-cavity system) under the balance condition, and some linear-optical elements. Compared with the previously proposed complete HBSA schemes based on ideal optical giant circular birefringence, our scheme guarantees the robust fidelity and relaxes the requirement on the QD-cavity parameters with the assistance of the balance condition. Different from the schemes using error-detected blocks and exchanging Bell states in different DOFs to get unity fidelity, the BLOCK1 under the balance condition can directly measure the Bell states of polarization and spatial mode so that fewer kinds of linear optical components are needed in our scheme. In addition, our scheme simplifies the discrimination process and reduces the required light–matter interaction by using a self-assisted mechanism. These features indicate that our scheme may be directly generalized to multiphoton hyperentangled Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger state analysis and more feasible in practical quantum applications based on the photonic hyperentanglement.