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Chinese Physics Letters

Relation between Characteristic Function of Density Operator and Tomogram

Fan Hong-Yi, Nian-Quan Jiang

Published Oct 29, 2009• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In terms of the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation (Chin. Phys. Lett. 18 (2001) 850) and using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we put the tomography theory into operator version. We reveal the new relation between the tomogram and the characteristic function of the density operator. The new expansion of the density operator in terms of the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation is also obtained.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/26/11/110302

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Chinese Physics Letters•Jan 1, 2009•0 citations
In terms of the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation (Chin. Phys. Lett. 18 (2001) 850) and using the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators, we put the tomography theory into operator version. We reveal the new relation between the tomogram and the characteristic function of the density operator. The new expansion of the density operator in terms of the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation is also obtained.
We show that for tomographic approach there exist two mutual conjugate quantum states | p ,σ,τ⟩ and | x ,μ,ν⟩ (named the intermediate coordinate-momentum representation), and the two Radon transforms of the Wigner operator are just the pure-state density matrices | p ⟩ σ,τσ,τ ⟨ p | and | x ⟩ λ,νλ,ν ⟨ x | respectively. As a result, the tomogram of quantum states can be considered as the module-square of the states' wave function in these two representations. Throughout the paper we fully employ the technique of integration within an ordered product of operators. In this way we establish a new convenient formalism of quantum tomogram.
The formulation of region operators named by D. Ellinas and A. J. Bracken [Phys. Rev. A 78, 052106 (2008)], which appears as the phase-space integration corresponding to the straight line over the Wigner operator, is manifestly improved and generalized. By virtue of the technique of integration within ordered (both normally ordered and Weyl ordered) product of operators, we show that the integration involved in the generalized region operator can be directly carried through to completion that leads to the explicit pure-state density operator |u⟩λ,τλ,τ⟨u|, where |u⟩λ,τ makes up the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation. This directly results in that the tomogram of a quantum state |ψ⟩ is just proportional to |⟨u|ψ⟩λ,τ|2, where ⟨u|ψ⟩λ,τ is the wave function of |ψ⟩ in the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation.
By searching for Q- and P-ordering form of the coordinate-momentum intermediate representation |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x| (formed by the eigenvector of λQ+νP with eigenvalue being x, Q,P=iħ), and noting that |x⟩λ,νλ,ν⟨x|=δ(x-λQ-νP) is just the Radon transformation of the Wigner operator, we find new relationship between a quantum state ψ’s tomogram and its wave function in coordinate (or momentum) representation, i.e. the tomogram can be split into two parts, one is ψq’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter ν and another is ψ∗p’s Gaussian integration transformation with the parameter λ. In this way, the quantum tomogram of number state is conveniently deduced. We also derive Radon transform of δ(p-P)δ(q-Q) and δ(q-Q)δ(p-P), which can be either viewed as P- and Q-ordered operator correspondence of the classical function δ(x-λq-νp).
According to Fan—Hu's formalism (Fan Hong-Yi and Hu Li-Yun 2009 Opt. Commun . 282 3734 ) that the tomogram of quantum states can be considered as the module-square of the state wave function in the intermediate coordinate—momentum representation which is just the eigenvector of the Fresnel quadrature phase, we derive a new theorem for calculating quantum tomogram of density operator, i.e., the tomogram of a density operator ρ is equal to the marginal integration of the classical Weyl correspondence function of F † ρ F , where F is the Fresnel operator. Applications of this theorem to evaluating the tomogram of optical chaotic field and squeezed chaotic optical field are presented.