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Quantum Electronics

Coherent excitation of the 5D5/2level of ultra-cold rubidium atoms with short laser pulses

Stepan Snigirev, Artem A. Golovizin, Gulnara A. Vishnyakova, Alexey V. Akimov, N. Kolachevsky

Published Aug 29, 2012• 11 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We demonstrate the use of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) for population transfer from the ground state to the 5D5/2 level (5 5 5 ) S P D / / / 1 2 3 2 5 2 in laser-cooled 87 Rb atoms and examine the influence of the time delay between laser pulses, pulse height, pulse duration and frequency detuning from resonance on the efficiency of Rb atom excitation to the 5D5/2 level. In our experiments, the pulse duration was varied widely (30 - 200 ns), which allowed us to assess the effect of spontaneous decay on the population of the 5D5/2 level (natural lifetime, 300 ns). We per- formed numerical calculations with allowance for spontaneous decay from the 5P3/2 and 5D5/2 levels and compared the results to experimental data, which allowed the population of the 5D5/2 level to be determined. The maximum population of the 5D5/2 level in the region under excitation was 80 % of the total number of rubidium atoms.

DOI
10.1070/qe2012v042n08abeh014922

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A series of experiments is performed on cold 85Rb atoms confined in a magneto-optical trap. A variation of Stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is used to transfer population from the 5S 1/2 ground state to the 5D5/2 state with an efficiency exceeding 80%. This process relies on moderately intense pulses arriving in the counterintuitive order, i.e., the upper transition (5P → 5D) driven before the lower transition (5S → 5P ). There is reasonable agreement with computer simulations, excepting a marked discrepancy between measured intensities and those used in the simulations. With a large ensemble of 5D atoms available, the 5D photoionization cross section at four different laser wavelengths (1064, 788, 647 and 532 nm) is determined via trap loss measurements. The theoretical calculations agree well with the experimental results (17.7, 10.9, 7.6 and 5.2 Mb, respectively). An experiment to measure the 5S-5D collisional rate constant sets an order-of-magnitude upper bound of 10−10 cm3/s, assuming all atoms are 5S-5D pairs. ^
The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is used to excite laser-cooled rubidium atoms from the 85Rb5S1∕2^{85}\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}5{S}_{1∕2}85Rb5S1∕2​ ground state to the 44D5∕244{D}_{5∕2}44D5∕2​ Rydberg state through the 5P3∕25{P}_{3∕2}5P3∕2​ state. The utilized double-STIRAP scheme allows for an accurate determination of the absolute excitation efficiency. Experimental data are compared with results of a detailed theoretical model, and good agreement is found. It is concluded that at the center of the excitation region an excitation efficiency of 70% is achieved.
We report on experimental investigations of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in a Pr3+:Y2SiO5{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5}Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​ crystal. STIRAP drives complete, coherent population transfer between two hyperfine levels in the Pr3+{\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}Pr3+ ions. We investigate the variation of the STIRAP transfer efficiency with the experimental parameters: e.g., detunings, Rabi frequencies, and pulse delays. In addition, we also observe an alternative and efficient, adiabatic transfer process---i.e., bbb-STIRAP---which occurs for a reversed sequence of laser pulses. We compare the efficiencies and time-resolved transfer dynamics of STIRAP and bbb-STIRAP. The experimental data are supported by numerical simulations, also including the effect of laser frequency jitter. Our experimental data and the numerical simulations provide a clear and convincing demonstration of adiabatic excitations in a solid medium.
The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is used to transfer potassium atoms from the 22p state to the 21p Rydberg state through the intermediate state 22s. The results show that complete population transfer is related to pulse duration and overlap, and occurs when the pulse duration and overlap have adequate values. At the same time, population trapping is also formed. Complete population transfer can also occurs when the two-photon resonance condition ( Δ s = Δ p ) is met.
We report experimental demonstration of population transfer via stimulated Raman adiabatic passage with a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal (Pr3+:Y2SiO5)({\mathrm{Pr}}^{3+}:{\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{Si}{\mathrm{O}}_{5})(Pr3+:Y2​SiO5​). About 90% of population of a ground level is transferred to another ground level with two pulses whose width is shorter than the lifetime of the excited state. The dependence of transferred population on the delay time of the pulse sequence is also experimentally investigated. The delay-time dependence observed in our experiment is similar to that obtained by numerical simulation.
A theoretical analysis is presented of the effect of correlation between fluctuations of laser pulse amplitudes on population transfer between the states of a three-level atom coupled by the laser field. The carrier frequencies of the pulses are tuned to resonance with the transitions between the ground and excited states, |〈 and | 2〈, and the excited and metastable states, |2〈 and |3〈, in a lambda-type configuration. The laser pulses are timed so that population transfer between states |1〈 and | 3〈 is made possible by stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in the absence of fluctuations. STIRAP does not occur when the laser fields are not correlated. When the fluctuations of one pulse amplitude duplicate those of the other, STIRAP can be observed for pulse amplitudes larger than those required in the absence of fluctuations.