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Chinese Physics

Numerical exploration of coherent excitation in three-level ladder systems

Xianzhou Zhang, Xiao‐Hong Li, Yang Xiang-Dong

Published Jul 1, 2007• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is used to transfer potassium atoms from the 22p state to the 21p Rydberg state through the intermediate state 22s. The results show that complete population transfer is related to pulse duration and overlap, and occurs when the pulse duration and overlap have adequate values. At the same time, population trapping is also formed. Complete population transfer can also occurs when the two-photon resonance condition ( Δ s = Δ p ) is met.

DOI
10.1088/1009-1963/16/7/023

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The technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is used to transfer potassium atoms from the 22p state to the 21p Rydberg state through the intermediate state 22s. The results show that complete population transfer is related to pulse duration and overlap, and occurs when the pulse duration and overlap have adequate values. At the same time, population trapping is also formed. Complete population transfer can also occurs when the two-photon resonance condition ( Δ s = Δ p ) is met.
We propose a new scheme for achieving the complete population transfer and the optimal coherence generation between the ground state and the Rydberg state in a four-level ladder system by combining the STIRAP or fractional STIRAP technique and the π pulse technique. We consider, in particular, two different situations where spontaneous emission from the two highest states are neglected or not. Our numerical calculations show that the time width and the delay time of the π pulse are two critical parameters for attaining the maximal population transfer and coherence generation in this scheme.
Stimulated-Raman-adiabatic-passage (STIRAP) process provides an effective technique to transfer electronpopulation from an initial state (e.g. ground state) to excited final state for both atoms and molecules. Inthis paper, we present the results of the study on electron population transfer in three level system. Wehave analyzed the effects of various conditions on the transfer process, such as the time delay of the twolaser beams, two-photon off-resonance, one-photon off-resonance and the change of relative laser intensity.The numerical result is compared with experiment, and the reasons for the effects are also given.
It introduced several methods to transfer population,including two-level system and three-level system, and gave some comparisons on transfer efficiency and transfer velocity of them in theory. It is shown that population transfer by coherent pulse sequence is better than incoherence one. Numerical simulation results showed that when using Stimulated Raman Adiabatic Rapid Passage (STIRAP), in which the pump laser pulse fully overlaps the Stokes pulse with the Stokes preceding the pump, population can be transferred completely and rapidly. Robust control of population transfer among Zeeman sublevels in the ground states of three-level system is investigated using adiabatic rapid passage in theory. The laser pulse widths are supposed to be short compared to the lifetime of the excited level, which means adiabatic. We demonstrated that techniques of STIRAP can be found to optimize population transfer in the ground states of three-level Λ system.
Stimulated Raman scattering involving adiabatic passage (STIRAP) is a proven technique for population transfer in three-level systems with strong oscillator strengths. We show that the STIRAP process should also yield high transfer efficiencies when the densities of states near the intermediate and final levels are high, provided certain criteria for the experimentally controllable parameters are met. We also show that high transfer efficiencies may even be possible when the pump and Stokes lasers can access levels outside of the three-level system. The criteria are derived with an approach that emphasizes the adiabatic nature of the transfer process in an eigenvector of the interaction Hamiltonian that resembles a trapped state. The results are compared to density matrix calculations.
The authors discuss the technique of stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP), a method of using partially overlapping pulses (from pump and Stokes lasers) to produce complete population transfer between two quantum states of an atom or molecule. The procedure relies on the initial creation of a coherence (a population-trapping state) with subsequent adiabatic evolution. The authors present the basic theory, with some extensions, and then describe examples of experimental utilization. They note some applications of the technique not only to preparation of selected states for reaction studies, but also to quantum optics and atom optics.