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IEEE Region 10 Conference (TENCON)

On design of multiple-valued sequential reversible circuits for nanotechnology based systems

Majid Mohammadi, Mohammad Eshghi, Majid Haghparast

Published Nov 1, 2008• 18 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Multiple-valued reversible logic is an emerging area in reversible and quantum logic circuit synthesis. Multiple-valued reversible logic circuits can potentially reduce the width of the reversible or quantum circuit which is a limitation in current quantum technology. In this paper we propose a method to synthesize the multiple-valued reversible sequential circuits. Implementations for ternary D and T flip flops and edge triggered D flip flop are proposed. Synthesis of generalized fanout circuit and generalized r-valued T flip flop are also presented.

DOI
10.1109/tencon.2008.4766407

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Multiple-valued reversible logic is an emerging area in reversible and quantum logic circuit synthesis. Multiple-valued reversible logic circuits can potentially reduce the width of the reversible or quantum circuit which is a limitation in current quantum technology. In this paper we propose a method to synthesize the multiple-valued reversible sequential circuits. Implementations for ternary D and T flip flops and edge triggered D flip flop are proposed. Synthesis of generalized fanout circuit and generalized r-valued T flip flop are also presented.
Research on reversible circuits has gained significance due to its application in quantum computations and many further areas such as the design of encoders. At the same time, the use of multiple-valued logic gained importance since this reduces the number of required entities in physical systems (e.g. in a future quantum computer). While most research is still conducted in the Boolean domain, there exist only few approaches which realize reversible circuits for multiple-valued logic. Moreover, most of the previously proposed solutions for synthesis of multiple-valued reversible circuits are not scalable and consider ternary (i.e. 3-valued circuits) only. Instead of overcoming these issues by developing new synthesis approaches for multiple-valued reversible circuits from scratch, we propose to utilize the recent accomplishments in the design of Boolean reversible circuits and to generalize them for multiple-valued logic. To this end, we discuss how to generalize Quantum Multiple-valued Decision Diagram based (QMDD-based) synthesis - a synthesis approach for Boolean reversible circuits which has been proven to be scalable and which has been used in several recently developed design flows. The discussions eventually show how to bridge the development gap between Boolean and multiple-valued logic for reversible circuits.
This paper provides the initial threshold to building of more complex system having reversible sequential circuits as a primitive component and which can execute more complicated operations using quantum computers. The reversible circuits form the basic building block of quantum computers as all quantum operations are reversible. The important reversible gates used for reversible logic synthesis are Feynman Gate, New Gate and Fredkin gate. The novelty of the paper is the reversible designs of Flip Flops. The Flip Flops that are synthesized using reversible logic are RS Flip Flop, JK Flip Flop, D Flip Flop, T Flip Flop and Master Slave Flip Flop
Reversible logic has been recently considered as an interesting and important issue in designing combinational and sequential circuits. The combination of reversible logic and multi-valued logic can improve power dissipation, time and space utilization rate of designed circuits. Only few works have been reported about sequential reversible circuits and almost there are no paper exhibited about quantum ternary reversible counter. In this paper, first we designed 2-qutrit and 3-qutrit quantum reversible ternary up-counters using quantum ternary reversible T-flip-flop and quantum reversible ternary gates. Then we proposed generalized quantum reversible ternary n-qutrit up-counter. We also introduced a new approach for designing any type of n-qutrit ternary and reversible counter. According to the results, we can conclude that applying second approach quantum reversible ternary up-counter is better than the others.
The theory of multi-valued quantum mechanics is one of the most prominent scientific theories of the twentieth century. In addition, to give answers to some outstanding questions, it has had an impact on many modern technologies by expressing a new line of scientific thinking. Multi-Valued quantum computing is the use of the collective features of multi-valued quantum states, such as superposition and entanglement, to carry out computations. In essence, a Multi-Valued Quantum D flip flop is a two-state timed flip flop. The qubit inputs of a quantum D-type flip flop are operated with a delay in a single clock cycle. The ternary quantum D flip flop is one of the most crucial circuits when compared to other timed type flip flips. There are two types of memory elements, depending on the triggering that is used to operate it. A latch is one of them, and a flip-flop is the other.
The majority of work in reversible logic circuits has been limited to combinational logic. Researchers are now beginning to suggest designs for sequential circuits. In this paper we propose a new method to design and optimize feedback reversible logic circuits and a specific group of quantum logic circuits based on the reversible state transition table and genetic algorithms (GA). To show the efficiency of the proposed method, some reversible sequential elements such as D and T flip-flops (FFs), with and without clock and reset, and edge triggered FFs are designed. We have also extended our method to multiple loop feedback circuits. The proposed circuits are highly optimized using a GA synthesis tool that allows don't care values. Some of the designs in this paper are presented in other papers; however, the comparisons show that the quantum cost and number of garbage inputs/outputs are reduced efficiently by our method.
Methods of quantum/reversible logic synthesis are based on the use of the binary nature of quantum computing. However, multiple-valued logic is a promising choice for future quantum computer technology due to a number of advantages over binary circuits. In this paper we have developed a synthesis of ternary reversible circuits based on Muthukrishnan-Stroud gates using a genetic algorithm. The method of coding chromosome is presented, and well-grounded choice of algorithm parameters allowed obtaining better circuit schemes of one- and n-qutrit ternary comparators compared with other methods. These parameters are quantum cost of received reversible devices, delay time and number of constant input (ancilla) lines. Proposed implementation of the genetic algorithm has led to reducing of the device delay time and the number of ancilla qutrits to 1 and 2n-1 for one- and n-qutrits full comparators, respectively. For designing of n-qutrit comparator we have introduced a complementary device which compares output functions of 1-qutrit comparators.