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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Modeling Analysis of Optical Bistability in Continuous-Wave Operation of Quasi-Three-Level Lasers

Junhai Liu

Published Jan 1, 2011• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, an analytical model is developed for a quasi-three-level laser exhibiting optical bistability in its continuous-wave operation. This model gives the necessary conditions for the formation of such bistability, which are directly connected to measurable parameters of the laser medium, and reveals most of the primary characteristics of optical bistablity demonstrated experimentally with quasi-three-lasers based on Yb-doped vanadates. The principal parameters characterizing such bistability,xth\mathchar"702Dup,xth\mathchar"702Ddown, Δxbr,Ith\mathchar"702Dup, andIth\mathchar"702Ddown, can be expressed explicitly in terms of two normalized parameters,xa= 2αa0pa/δ andf=Isat,a/Isat,m. To confirm its validity and demonstrate its usefulness, this model is applied to a typical Yb:LuVO4laser displaying sizable optical bistability in its operation, giving very good agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental measurement.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.2010.2075915

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Theoretical analysis of optical bistability in a CW-pumped erbium-doped fiber laser

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In this paper, an analytical model is developed for a quasi-three-level laser exhibiting optical bistability in its continuous-wave operation. This model gives the necessary conditions for the formation of such bistability, which are directly connected to measurable parameters of the laser medium, and reveals most of the primary characteristics of optical bistablity demonstrated experimentally with quasi-three-lasers based on Yb-doped vanadates. The principal parameters characterizing such bistability,xth\mathchar"702Dup,xth\mathchar"702Ddown, Δxbr,Ith\mathchar"702Dup, andIth\mathchar"702Ddown, can be expressed explicitly in terms of two normalized parameters,xa= 2αa0pa/δ andf=Isat,a/Isat,m. To confirm its validity and demonstrate its usefulness, this model is applied to a typical Yb:LuVO4laser displaying sizable optical bistability in its operation, giving very good agreement between theoretical prediction and experimental measurement.
A theoretical modeling analysis is presented to study the optical bistability exhibited in the oscillation of an inhomogeneously broadened quasi-three-level laser. All the major characteristics of optical bistability depend on two normalized parameters, f and xa, which are defined by f = Isat,a/Isat,m and xa = 2αa0pa/δ and are related to measurable properties of the laser medium. In comparison with the case of a homogeneously broadened laser, the essential condition for the occurrence of such bistability, f < xa/(xa + 1), turns out to be the same, whereas the intensities at the up- and down-thresholds are substantially increased and the bistability range is reduced.
In this paper, we generalize a previously developed model describing the behavior of optical bistability in the operation of a quasi-three-level laser by taking into account a Gaussian transverse distribution for the laser mode and including inhomogeneous line broadening for the laser medium. The results show that apart from some quantitative modifications, the primary characteristics of bistability predicted by the simplified model remain correct; in particular, the fundamental condition for the existence of bistability,fxa/(xa+1), turns out to hold universally. It is also revealed that in comparison with the results obtained in the simplified model, the intensities at the up- and down-threshold will be increased, whereas the bistability range will be reduced.
We present a comparative study of optical bistability (OB) in three-level atomic configurations, including $\Lambda $-, cascade-, and V- types under the conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). In the steady regime, the input-output intensity relations for the OB in each configuration have been derived in analytical form. The model allows one to construct a clear picture on how the threshold intensity, and other characteristics of the OB are continuously modified with respects to controllable parameters of the laser fields, cooperation parameter, and other physical parameters of atomic system. The results showed that the threshold intensity of OB in Λ\Lambda Λ-type system is much less than the other ones and the threshold intensity of OB in V-type system is the largest one. The analytical result is convenient to choose excitation configuration for experimental observations and related applications in photonic devices.
A theoretical model that allows numerical simulations of optical bistability phenomena in CW-pumped erbium-doped fiber lasers is presented. Results of the simulations match correctly with previous experimental data. In order to simulate this phenomenon, the population inversion and optical powers longitudinal distributions along the active fiber have been considered. If this fiber is long enough, it has been found that the transition between the non-lasing and the lasing states involves a dramatic redistribution of the population inversion along the active medium. This fact makes that non-lasing and lasing states constitute different enough initial conditions which determine different final responses to the same control parameter, that is to say, bistability. On the other hand, a theoretical justification is found for a previous experimental result which pointed out that the bistability range becomes reduced if an external signal is launched to the cavity. Finally, the bistability range width dependence on the active fiber length is analyzed.